From: Role of functional fatty acids in modulation of reproductive potential in livestock
Livestock | Oil source | Stage of pregnancy | Main findings and potential mechanism | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sows | Butyrate | Late pregnancy | Shorten the weaning-to-estrus interval | [176] |
Sows | Butyrate | Pregnancy and lactation | Reduced the rate of gilts return to estrus, alter the composition of colostrum and enhance the growth rate of piglets | [177] |
Ewes | Oleic | Late gestation | Increased PGE2 production in both endometrium and fetal allantochorion cells and increasing the ratio of PGE2 to PGF2α in endometrium cells | [178] |
Sows | Conjugated linoleic acid | Late pregnancy and lactation | Reduced backfat thickness loss during the lactation period and leading to higher piglet weight at weaning | [179] |
Ewes | Linoleic acid | Late pregnancy | Enhanced placental PG production by increased the supply of 20:4n-6 | [180] |
Cows | Conjugated linoleic acid | Period started 21 d pre-calving and continued until 60 d in milk | Increased conception rate and serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), estradiol and progesterone were higher | [181] |
Cows | α-linolenic acid | 55 ± 22 d postpartum | Increased the size of the ovulatory follicle and reduced pregnancy losses | [182] |
Cows | α-linolenic acid | 21 d before expected calving | Decreased incidence of ketosis and severe metritis, reduced mortality, and tending to enhance fertility performance | [183] |
Sows | Linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid | Pregnancy | Rapid return to estrus, increased maintenance of pregnancy and improved subsequent litter size | [184] |
Cows | DHA | From 27 to 147 d postpartum | Enhanced embryo development based on changes in interferon-stimulated gene expression | [185] |
Sows | Fish oil | 60 d before parturition to weaning | Increased subsequent litter and litter size | [19] |
Sows | Marine algae | Five days prior parturition to breeding | Increased subsequent litter and litter size | [186] |