Fig. 5

Effects of EM on ileal microbiota diversity (A) and microbiota composition at genus level (B) of broilers on 42 d. C Comparison of samples between multiple groups based on PLS-DA. D Differential bacteria at genus level by Kruskal–Wallis H test. Effects of EM on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) to detect the most significantly abundant ileal microbiota of broilers on 42 d. E LDA score generated for differentially abundant microbiota (LDA > 2, P < 0.05). Significant difference was recorded by 0.01 < P ≤ 0.05^*, 0.001 < P ≤ 0.01^**, P ≤ 0.001^****