Fig. 7

Bacteroides metabolites regulate the immunologic function of macrophages. A Gene expression levels of IL-10, MyD88 and TGF-β in HD-11 treated for 5 h (n = 3). B HD-11were treated for 5 h, then were cultured in DMEM containing GFP-labeled Escherichia coli for 2 h. Phagocytosis was detected by fluorescence microscopy (20 ×). C Concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and isovalerate acid in CMM, BCFS, and BUFS (n = 3). D–G Concentration of SCFAs in intestinal contents (n = 6). Data are means ± SEM, β-actin and GAPDH were used as the endogenous control for qPCR; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001