Dietary supplementation of bilberry anthocyanin on growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier and cecal microbes of chickens challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

Table 3 Effect of bilberry anthocyanin on growth performance in chickens challenged with Salmonella

Variable	Treatments				SEM	P-value
Variable	CON	ST	ACL	ACH	SEM	P-value
Body weight, g
Day 1	28.00	28.05	28.03	28.05	0.01	0.268
Day 18	177.75^a	164.08^b	178.00^a	182.50^a	1.49	< 0.001
Day 28	366.40^a	335.90^b	352.20^ab	351.25^ab	3,37	0.026
Day 60	1227.11^a	1167.34^b	1189.90^ab	1195.82^ab	8.30	0.043
Average daily gain, g
Day 1 to 18	8.32^a	7.56^b	8.33^a	8.58^a	0.08	< 0.001
Day 1 to 28	12.08^a	11.07^b	11.55^ab	11.53^ab	0.12	0.026
Day 1 to 60	20.50^a	19.31^b	19.60^ab	19.81^ab	0.16	0.030
Average daily feed intake, g
Day 1 to 18	13.77	13.72	13.51	13.53	0.11	0.805
Day 1 to 28	24.51	24.20	24.29	24.12	0.35	0.343
Day 1 to 60	42.77	42.47	41.16	41.26	0.27	0.070
Feed to gain ratio
Day 1 to 18	1.75^b	1.93^a	1.72^b	1.66^b	0.02	< 0.001
Day 1 to 28	2.02^c	2.18^a	2.09^b	2.09^b	0.01	0.010
Day 1 to 60	2.09^b	2.19^a	2.10^b	2.10^b	0.02	0.026

CON Control group, ST Salmonella infected group, ACL Low dose of anthocyanin group, ACH High dose of anthocyanin group, SEM Standard error of the mean
^a–cMeans within a row with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 2049-1891