Table 2 Effects of host defense peptides (HDPs) on poultry
HDPs | Dose | Method of administration | Poultry | Effects on growth performance (compared to control), % | Other effects (compared to control) | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADG | ADFI | G/F | ||||||
HDP-cLF36 | 20 mg/kg | Feeding | Chickens challenged with E. coli |  + 9.2 | – 1.7 |  + 11.6 | Increased the number of Lactobacillus spp. and decreased harmful bacteria of ileum, upregulated gene expression of immune cells and tight junction proteins | [78] |
Microcin J25 | 0.5 mg/kg 1.0 mg/kg | Feeding | Chickens challenged with E. coli and Salmonella |  + 2.5  + 2.6 |  + 2.2  + 2.9 |  + 3.4  + 3.9 | Decreased population of total anaerobic bacteria and E. coli, increased the number of Bifidobacterium, increased the villus height and villus height/crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum, decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the serum | [79] |
HDP-cLFchimera | 20 mg/kg | Feeding | Chickens challenged with C. perfringens |  + 6.4 | – 15.3 |  + 26.0 | Enhanced villus height, width, and surface area on jejunum, regulated the expression of cytokines, junctional proteins, and mucin transcripts in the jejunum, increased the population of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifdobacterium spp. and also decreased the colonization of E. coli and Clostridium spp. in ileum | [80] |
Sublancin | 2.88 mg/L 5.76 mg/L 11.52 mg/L | Drinking | Chickens challenged with C. perfringens |  + 10.4  + 12.3  + 10.4 |  + 3.5  + 3.0 – 0.7 |  + 7.3  + 9.1  + 10.9 | Reduced the severity of intestinal lesion, reduced C. perfringens counts in cecum, improved villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in ileum | [81] |
HDP-SGAMP | 0.2 mg/d | Gavaging | Chickens under heat stress | — | — | — | Reduced the histological and ultrastructural lesions of gut, increased height of villus and thickness of gut mucosa, increased the number of intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells, secreting IgA in the small intestine | [82] |
Plectasin | 150 mg/kg | Feeding | Chickens under heat stress | — | — | — | Increased jejunal and ileal goblet cell counts, IFN-γ levels and serum IgY titer | [83] |
HDP-A3 | 60 mg/kg 90 mg/kg | Feeding | Chickens |  + 1.3  + 4.2 |  + 0.2  + 1.8 |  + 1.1  + 2.3 | Increased the retention of dry matter, gross energy and crude protein, decreased excreta coliforms, total anaerobic bacteria and Clostridium spp., increased villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum | [84] |
Plectasin | 100 mg/kg 200 mg/kg | Feeding | Chickens |  + 16.1  + 17.4 | – 4.7 – 5.6 |  + 21.8  + 24.5 | Enhance NDV and H9N2 AIV antibody levels of serum, improved the intestine structure, inhibit E. coli and proinflammatory cytokines in the ileum, and ameliorate the blood biochemical indices | [85] |
Composite HDPs | 200 mg/kg | Feeding | Chickens | – 1.4 | – 5.0 |  + 3.8 | Increased serum antibody levels of H9N2 AIV, improved the development of bursa and thymus | [86] |