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Table 3 In vitro rumen fermentation characteristics after 24 h of incubation of the insect and control meals

From: Full-fat insect meals in ruminant nutrition: in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and lipid biohydrogenation

Item

Meals

Full-fat insect meals

Control meals

  

ACD

ALD

BL

GB

GS

HI

MD

TM

SBM

RPM

SFM

FM

SEM

P-value

Total gas 24 h, mmol/g DM

1.50e

2.02d

2.42d

1.48g

1.64fg

1.55fg

1.68f

1.70f

5.41a

5.03b

3.47c

1.10h

0.051

0.001

Methane 24 h

 mmol/g DM

0.262fg

0.408e

0.522d

0.243fg

0.316f

0.260fg

0.290fg

0.306f

1.158a

0.933b

0.647c

0.185g

0.018

< 0.001

 mmol/mmol total gas1

0.174def

0.200ab

0.215a

0.164f

0.192bc

0.167f

0.172def

0.181cdef

0.214a

0.186bcd

0.187bcd

0.168ef

0.039

< 0.001

Final pH

7.0a

7.0a

7.0a

7.0a

7.0a

7.0a

7.0a

7.0a

6.8bc

6.6d

6.7c

7.1a

0.04

< 0.001

Total VFA, mmol/g DM

3.92fg

4.70e

5.37d

3.70g

4.15f

3.57g

3.91fg

3.66g

8.80a

7.82b

5.98c

3.89fg

0.08

< 0.001

Acetate, g/100 g VFA

57.3bc

56.3cd

53.5e

56.1cd

58.0bc

56.9cd

56.3cd

55.4d

57.0cd

59.0b

61.3a

53.4e

0.46

< 0.001

Propionate, g/100 g VFA

17.8de

16.6ef

16.5ef

20.1b

16.0f

19.1bcd

19.7bc

20.4b

22.6a

23.3a

22.2a

18.4cd

0.34

< 0.001

Butyrate, g/100 g VFA

9.2cd

9.5cd

10.5b

8.7d

9.1cd

12.1a

10.9b

9.1cd

9.7c

8.9cd

6.9e

10.8b

0.021

< 0.001

Acetate:propionate ratio

3.22bc

3.40ab

3.26b

2.80de

3.62a

2.98cd

2.87d

2.72de

2.53e

2.54e

2.76d

2.91d

0.06

< 0.001

IVOMD, g/g

0.28f

0.35de

0.50c

0.25g

0.30ef

0.24g

0.33de

0.29f

0.70a

0.61b

0.46c

0.32de

0.007

< 0.001

NH3-N, mmol/g DM

3.55d

4.04c

4.96a

3.08e

3.80cd

2.49g

2.97ef

2.75fg

4.48b

3.06e

2.91ef

3.59d

0.069

< 0.001

NH3-N:total-N, mg/mg total N

0.473efg

0.580d

0.771b

0.419g

0.494e

0.443eg

0.480ef

0.491e

0.702c

0.665cd

0.866a

0.427f

0.013

< 0.001

  1. Different superscripts within a row indicate significant differences among the tested meals (P-value < 0.05)
  2. Abbreviations: ACD Acheta domesticus, ALD Alphitobius diaperinus, BL Blatta lateralis, GB Gryllus bimaculatus, GS Grylloides sigillatus, HI Hermetia illucens, MD Musca domestica, TM Tenebrio molitor, SBM soybean meal, RPM Rapeseed meal, SFM Sunflower meal, FM Fishmeal, SEM Standard error of the mean, DM Dry matter, VFA Volatile fatty acids, IVOMD In vitro organic matter disappearance
  3. 1This characteristic corresponds to the proportion of methane in the total gas, expressed as mmol of methane produced in the total mmol of gas produced