Item | Meals | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full-fat insect meals | Control meals | Â | Â | |||||||||||
ACD | ALD | BL | GB | GS | HI | MD | TM | SBM | RPM | SFM | FM | SEM | P-value | |
Total gas 24Â h, mmol/g DM | 1.50e | 2.02d | 2.42d | 1.48g | 1.64fg | 1.55fg | 1.68f | 1.70f | 5.41a | 5.03b | 3.47c | 1.10h | 0.051 | 0.001 |
Methane 24Â h | ||||||||||||||
 mmol/g DM | 0.262fg | 0.408e | 0.522d | 0.243fg | 0.316f | 0.260fg | 0.290fg | 0.306f | 1.158a | 0.933b | 0.647c | 0.185g | 0.018 | < 0.001 |
 mmol/mmol total gas1 | 0.174def | 0.200ab | 0.215a | 0.164f | 0.192bc | 0.167f | 0.172def | 0.181cdef | 0.214a | 0.186bcd | 0.187bcd | 0.168ef | 0.039 | < 0.001 |
Final pH | 7.0a | 7.0a | 7.0a | 7.0a | 7.0a | 7.0a | 7.0a | 7.0a | 6.8bc | 6.6d | 6.7c | 7.1a | 0.04 | < 0.001 |
Total VFA, mmol/g DM | 3.92fg | 4.70e | 5.37d | 3.70g | 4.15f | 3.57g | 3.91fg | 3.66g | 8.80a | 7.82b | 5.98c | 3.89fg | 0.08 | < 0.001 |
Acetate, g/100 g VFA | 57.3bc | 56.3cd | 53.5e | 56.1cd | 58.0bc | 56.9cd | 56.3cd | 55.4d | 57.0cd | 59.0b | 61.3a | 53.4e | 0.46 | < 0.001 |
Propionate, g/100 g VFA | 17.8de | 16.6ef | 16.5ef | 20.1b | 16.0f | 19.1bcd | 19.7bc | 20.4b | 22.6a | 23.3a | 22.2a | 18.4cd | 0.34 | < 0.001 |
Butyrate, g/100 g VFA | 9.2cd | 9.5cd | 10.5b | 8.7d | 9.1cd | 12.1a | 10.9b | 9.1cd | 9.7c | 8.9cd | 6.9e | 10.8b | 0.021 | < 0.001 |
Acetate:propionate ratio | 3.22bc | 3.40ab | 3.26b | 2.80de | 3.62a | 2.98cd | 2.87d | 2.72de | 2.53e | 2.54e | 2.76d | 2.91d | 0.06 | < 0.001 |
IVOMD, g/g | 0.28f | 0.35de | 0.50c | 0.25g | 0.30ef | 0.24g | 0.33de | 0.29f | 0.70a | 0.61b | 0.46c | 0.32de | 0.007 | < 0.001 |
NH3-N, mmol/g DM | 3.55d | 4.04c | 4.96a | 3.08e | 3.80cd | 2.49g | 2.97ef | 2.75fg | 4.48b | 3.06e | 2.91ef | 3.59d | 0.069 | < 0.001 |
NH3-N:total-N, mg/mg total N | 0.473efg | 0.580d | 0.771b | 0.419g | 0.494e | 0.443eg | 0.480ef | 0.491e | 0.702c | 0.665cd | 0.866a | 0.427f | 0.013 | < 0.001 |