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Fig. 6 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Fig. 6

From: Pterostilbene attenuates intrauterine growth retardation-induced colon inflammation in piglets by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy

Fig. 6

Pterostilbene alleviates the TNF-α-induced inflammation and barrier dysfunction by inhibiting ER stress and promoting autophagic flux. Caco-2 cells co-incubated with TNF-α and pterostilbene were treated with tunicamycin (TM) or chloroquine (CQ) for 24 h. The transepithelial electrical resistance (a) and FITC-dextran flux (b) of Caco-2 cell monolayers were determined; c Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the protein levels of intestinal tight junction complexes in Caco-2 cells; d Representative scatter plots and quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells in various treatments as analyzed by the flow cytometry; e, f ELISA assays were carried out to determine the contents of IL-1β and IL-6 in the supernatants of Caco-2 cells; g Nuclear NF-κB p65 protein levels in Caco-2 cells were detected by Western blot analysis; h Immunofluorescence staining of NF-κB p65 in Caco-2 cells. The red and blue fluorescence represent the NF-κB p65 protein and nucleus, respectively. Data from at least three independent experiments were presented as mean ± SE (n = 4). *P < 0.05 vs. CON group, #P < 0.05 vs. TNF-α group, $P < 0.05 vs. TNF-α + PTS group

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