Table 1 The main parameters in chicken semen cryopreservation developed as internal CPA specific
From: Poultry genetic heritage cryopreservation and reconstruction: advancement and future challenges
Internal CPA | Extender | Cooling condition | Equilibration duration | Freezing rates | Thawing | Packaging | AI frequency | AI dose | Egg collection (day post AI) | Mean fertility | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glycerol | Lake PC | 4 °C, 15 min | 10 min | –7 °C/min | 4 °C, 3 min | Straw | Every 4 d | 400 × 106 | d 2–5 | 83.3% | [22] |
|  | Lake | 4 °C, 30 min | 30 min | 4 °C to –35 °C at 7 °C/min, –35 °C to –140 °C at 20 °C/min | 4 °C, 3 min | Straw | Every 3 d | 300 × 106 | d 2–4 | 76.0% | [23] |
|  | Lake | 5 °C, 20 min | 30 min | 4 °C to –35 °C at 7 °C/min, –35 °C to –140 °C at 20 °C/min | 5 °C, till thawed | Straw | Every 3 d | (250–350) × 106 | d 2–4 | 63.9% | [24] |
|  | Lake | 5 °C, 20 min | 1 min | 4 °C to –35 °C at 7 °C/min, –35 °C to –140 °C at 20 °C/min | 5 °C, till thawed | Straw | Every 3 d | (250–350) × 106 | d 2–4 | 53.7% | [24] |
DMA | FEB | 4 °C, 15 min | 2 min | –60 °C/min | 40 °C, 5 s | Straw | Every 4 d | 400 × 106 | d 2–5 | 35.3% | [22] |
|  | Lake | –6 °C, 20 min | 1 min | dropped directly in LN2 | 60 °C, till thawed | Straw | Every 3 d | 300 × 106 | d 2–4 | 88.0% | [23] |
|  | Lake | –6 °C, 20 min | 1 min | dropped directly in LN2 | 60 °C, till thawed | Pellet | Every 3 d | (250–350) × 106 | d 2–4 | 92.7% | [24] |
|  | Lake | 5 °C, 20 min | 1 min | dropped directly in LN2 | 60 °C, till thawed | Pellet | Every 3 d | (250–350) × 106 | d 2–4 | 84.7% | [24] |
|  | Lake | 5 °C, 20 min | 1 min | 4 °C to –35 °C at 7 °C/min, –35 °C to –140 °C at 20 °C/min | 5 °C, till thawed | Straw | Every 3 d | (250–350) × 106 | d 2–4 | 26.7% | [24] |
|  | Lake | NA | 10 min | 5 cm above LN2 vapor for 12 min | 37 °C, 30 s | Straw | Every 3 d | 300 × 106 | d 3–5 | 33.6% | [25] |
|  | Lake | NA | 10 min | 4 °C to –35 °C at 7 °C/min, –35 °C to –140 °C at 60 °C/min | 37 °C, 30 s | Straw | Every 3 d | 300 × 106 | d 3–5 | 40.7% | [25] |
|  | Lake | NA | 10 min | 5 °C to –180 °C at 60 °C/min | 37 °C, 30 s | Straw | Every 3 d | 300 × 106 | d 3–5 | 24.5% | [25] |
DMF | BHSV | 4 °C, 15 min | 4 min | –15 °C/min | 4 °C, 3 min | Straw | Every 4 d | 400 × 106 | d 2–5 | 64.8% | [22] |
|  | Schramm | 4 °C, 30 min | 30 min | –1.3 °C/min from 5 °C to –35 °C, –20 °C/min from –35 °C to –140 °C | 20 °C, 3 min | Plastic vials | Every 3 d | 300 × 106 | d 2–4 | 79.0% | [23] |
|  | BHSV | 4 °C, 60 min | 15 min | 11 cm above LN2 vapor for 12 min and 3 cm above for 5 min | 5 °C, 5 min | Straw | Every 7 d | 200 × 106 | d 2–8 | 73.4% | [26] |
|  | Schramm | 4 °C, 60 min | 15 min | 11 cm above LN2 vapor for 12 min and 3 cm above for 5 min | 5 °C, 5 min | Straw | Every 7 d | 200 × 106 | d 2–8 | 86.9% | [27] |
EG | Kobidil +  | 5 °C, 30 min | 45 min | 5 cm above LN2 vapor for 15 min | 5 °C, 2 min | Straw | NA | NA | NA | NA | [21] |
|  | BHSV | 4 °C, 15 min | 10 min | –1 °C/min | 4 °C, 3 min | Straw | Every 4 d | 400 × 106 | d 2–5 | 1.5% | [22] |
|  | Lake | NA | NA | 4.5 cm above LN2 vapor for 30 min | 5 °C, 1–2 min | Straw | Every 5 d | 200 × 106 | d 2–6 | 69.0% | [28] |