Pretreatment with probiotics Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium-induced gut injury through modulating intestinal microbiome and immune responses with barrier function in broiler chickens

Table 6 Effect of dietary Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 supplementation on immune-related gene expression in the ileum of broilers challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

Items	ST¹	TLR4	MyD88	NF-κB	IL-1β	IL-6	IL-8	TNF-SF15	IFN-γ	TGF-β4	PlgR	A20	Tollip	PI3K
Dosage, mg/kg
0	–	1.03	1.07	1.02	1.07	1.12	1.08	1.02	1.02	1.02	1.04	1.01	1.03	1.02
200	–	1.00	0.94	1.09	1.38	0.75	1.93	1.01	1.52	0.80	1.28	1.08	1.21	1.16
0	+	1.33	1.23	1.19	1.85	1.14	1.96	1.13	2.61	0.77	1.60	1.11	1.26	1.56
200	+	1.31	1.47	1.33	2.03	0.82	1.88	1.50	2.20	0.76	2.39	1.05	1.65	1.44
SEM		0.086	0.074	0.047	0.214	0.149	0.287	0.090	0.184	0.084	0.125	0.032	0.070	0.083
Main factors²
0		1.15	1.15	1.11	1.46	1.13	1.52	1.08	1.82	0.90	1.23^b	1.06	1.15^b	1.29
200		1.16	1.20	1.21	1.71	0.78	1.91	1.26	1.83	0.78	1.71^a	1.06	1.43^a	1.30
Non-challenged		1.02	1.01^b	1.05^b	1.23	0.94	1.50	1.02	1.27^b	0.92	1.16^b	1.04	1.12^b	1.09^b
Challenged		1.32	1.35^a	1.26^a	1.94	0.98	1.92	1.32	2.43^a	0.77	1.99^a	1.08	1.46^a	1.50^a
Main factors and Interaction (P-value)³
Enterococcus faecium		0.910	0.699	0.237	0.573	0.279	0.523	0.296	0.883	0.516	0.049	0.954	0.019	0.950
Challenged		0.099	0.017	0.024	0.110	0.898	0.493	0.096	0.001	0.417	0.004	0.572	0.006	0.014
Enterococcus faecium × Challenged		0.975	0.170	0.714	0.882	0.940	0.447	0.282	0.116	0.552	0.520	0.320	0.339	0.426

¹Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium, –, without ST challenged, + , with ST challenged
²SEM, standard error of the mean
³P-value represent the main effect of the diet, the main effect of ST challenged, and the interaction between the dietary treatments and ST challenged
^a,bMeans in the same column without common superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 2049-1891