Pretreatment with probiotics Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium-induced gut injury through modulating intestinal microbiome and immune responses with barrier function in broiler chickens

Table 5 Effect of dietary Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 supplementation on the number of Salmonella in the liver, spleen and cecal contents (CFU/g) and the percentage of Salmonella-positive bird (liver, spleen) in Salmonella-challenged broilers chickens

Items	ST¹	Salmonella recovery⁵
Dosage, mg/kg		Liver		Spleen		Cecum
Dosage, mg/kg		CFU/g⁴	No. positive⁶	CFU/g⁴	No. positive⁶
0	–	0.00	0/30	0.00	0/30	0.00^c
200	–	0.00	0/30	0.00	0/30	0.00^c
0	+	0.74	14/29	0.29	7/29	6.85^a
200	+	0.29	6/29	0.22	5/29	5.32^b
SEM²		0.125		0.089		0.146
Main factors
0		0.37		0.14		3.43
200		0.14		0.11		2.66
Non-challenged		0.00^b		0.00		0.00
Challenged		0.52^a		0.25		6.09
Main factors and Interaction (P-value)³
Enterococcus faecium		0.350		0.842		0.042
Challenged		0.038		0.171		< 0.001
Enterococcus faecium × Challenged		0.350		0.842		0.031

¹Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium, –, without ST challenged, + , with ST challenged
²SEM, standard error of the mean
³P-value represent the main effect of the diet, the main effect of ST challenged, and the interaction between the dietary treatments and ST challenged
⁴CFU/g recovered from tissues expressed in log10 values
⁵Challenge strain recovery by direct and enrichment cultures of liver, spleen, and cecum of birds
⁶Number of positive samples per total number of samples after bacterial recovery
^a,bMean ± SD in the same column without common superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 2049-1891