Effects of omega-3 supplementation on components of the endocannabinoid system and metabolic and inflammatory responses in adipose and liver of peripartum dairy cows

Table 4 Liver average gene transcription levels (relative quantities; RQ) of ECS-related, lipid metabolism and inflammatory genes of PP dairy cows supplemented with n-3 fatty acids

Genes	Treatment^a		SEM	P-value
	Control	FLX
Endocannabinoid-related
CNR1^b	0.05	0.03	0.007	0.11
CNR2^c	0.71	0.46	0.083	0.07
MGLL^d	2.65	2.24	0.528	0.60
NAPEPLD^e	0.06	0.07	0.006	0.49
FAAH^f	1.71	1.78	0.240	0.85
Lipid metabolism and beta oxidation
PPARA^g	6.76	9.17	1.620	0.32
SREBP1^h	1.22	1.26	0.135	0.87
MLXIPLⁱ	1.45	1.64	0.310	0.67
ACOX1^j	29.39	35.70	5.074	0.41
ACSL1^k	18.28	13.74	3.413	0.37
FABP1^l	83.21	116.75	16.969	0.20
CPT1A^m	1.12	0.42	0.371	0.22
CPT2ⁿ	8.89	7.87	1.432	0.63
Inflammation
TNFA^o	0.02	0.03	0.005	0.24
IL1B^p	0.06	0.07	0.014	0.81
IL6^q	0.27	0.18	0.024	0.03
NFKB1^r	0.18	0.22	0.031	0.46
SAA2^s	65.99	28.32	26.738	0.35
HP^t	38.42	10.17	12.899	0.16
IL10^u	0.01	0.01	0.003	0.53

^aDairy cows were divided into two nutritional regiment groups from −21 to 60 days PP; 1) Control group (CTL)—a standard Israeli diet, 2) FLX—a standard diet supplemented with flaxseed oil containing n-3. ^bCannabinoid-1 Receptor; ^cCannabinoid-2 receptor; ^dMonoglyceride lipase; ^eN-Acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D; ^fFatty acid amide hydrolase; ^gPeroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; ^hSterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1; ⁱCarbohydrate response element binding protein; ^jAcyl-CoA oxidase; ^kAcyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1; ^lLiver fatty acid-binding protein; ^mCarnitine palmitoyltransferase 1; ⁿCarnitine palmitoyltransferase 2; ^oTumor necrosis factor α; ^pInterleukin 1 beta; ^qInterleukin 6; ^rNuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; ^sSerum amyloid A2; ^tHaptoglobin; ^uInterleukin 10

ISSN: 2049-1891