The glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 (GRM5) gene is associated with beef cattle home range and movement tortuosity

Table 4 Associations between bovine glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 gene (GRM5) variants and grazing personality behaviours (GP-behaviours)

GP-behaviour^a	Cow age-class (P-value)^b	Variant	Marginal mean^c (standard error)	P-value^d
ho_dist, m/d	0.038	A	3837 (± 1120)	0.847
	0.039	B	3843 (±1120)	0.741
	0.037	C	3874 (± 1130)	0.213
ve_dist, m/d	0.697	A	566 (±76)	0.461
	0.701	B	557 (±74)	0.638
	0.703	C	555 (±73)	0.916
3D_dist, m/d	0.044	A	3900 (± 1141)	0.870
	0.044	B	3903 (± 1139)	0.749
	0.043	C	3935 (± 1149)	0.223
ele_range, m	0.413	A	71.0 (±9.0)	0.008
	0.407	B	66.3 (±8.4)	0.833
	0.402	C	66.3 (±8.4)	0.729
ele_gain, m/d	0.697	A	283 (±38)	0.452
	0.699	B	279 (±37)	0.485
	0.704	C	277 (±37)	0.963
rel_ele (0–1)	0.018	A	0.42 (±0.06)	0.212
	0.017	B	0.44 (±0.05)	0.263
	0.018	C	0.46 (±0.05)	0.556
rel_ele85 (0–1)	0.006	A	0.67 (± 0.05)	0.934
	0.006	B	0.67 (±0.05)	0.274
	0.006	C	0.68 (±0.05)	0.749
rel_ele_range (0–1)	0.286	A	0.51 (±0.09)	0.354
	0.266	B	0.50 (±0.09)	0.610
	0.277	C	0.50 (±0.09)	0.971
slope85 (0–1)	0.023	A	0.47 (±0.08)	0.138
	0.026	B	0.44 (±0.08)	0.848
	0.025	C	0.43 (±0.08)	0.205
hr_mcp, ha/d)	0.008	A	7.86 (±0.83)	0.021
	0.008	B	7.22 (±0.74)	0.285
	0.008	C	7.39 (±0.75)	0.273
sp_tortuosity, m/ha	0.006	A	556 (±74)	0.003
	0.006	B	611 (±79)	0.139
	0.007	C	598 (±77)	0.476

^aSee GP-behaviours abbreviations and details in Table 1
^bSignificance level of ANOVA test for comparison of models with and without cow age-class as fixed factor. Bold values indicate significance (P < 0.05)
^cMarginal mean for variant presence in measured units (back-transformed from the log scale as required) as estimated with linear mixed models
^dSignificance level for Satterthwaite’s method t-test of presence/absence of variant. Bold values indicate significance (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 2049-1891