Table 4 Effects of post-thawing incubation time on sperm functionality parameters at different evaluation times

 Sperm with high superoxides, %E⁺

47.94 ± 9.09

54.26 ± 8.51^*

55.78 ± 9.33^*

< 0.01

  Viable sperm with high superoxides, %E⁺/YO-PRO-1⁻

4.04 ± 2.87

3.03 ± 1.60

0.85 ± 0.62^*#

< 0.01

  Viable sperm with low superoxides, %E⁻/YO-PRO-1⁻

47.31 ± 8.78

43.31 ± 8.18^*

41.60 ± 9.08^*

< 0.01

  Non-viable sperm with high superoxides, %E⁺/YO-PRO-1⁺

43.91 ± 8.75

51.23 ± 8.83^*

54.93 ± 9.56^*

< 0.01

  Non-viable sperm with low superoxides, %E⁻/YO-PRO-1⁺

4.75 ± 3.78

2.43 ± 0.57^*

2.62 ± 0.75^*

< 0.05

 Sperm with high ROS, %DCF⁺

6.13 ± 4.83

4.51 ± 3.24

2.44 ± 2.31^*#

< 0.01

  Viable sperm with high ROS, %DCF⁺/PI⁻

5.61 ± 4.79

3.96 ± 3.24

1.91 ± 2.30^*#

< 0.01

  Viable sperm with low ROS, %DCF⁻/PI⁻

44.84 ± 10.31

36.69 ± 9.58^*

33.91 ± 12.98^*

< 0.0001

  Non-viable sperm with high ROS, %DCF⁺/PI⁺

0.52 ± 0.09

0.55 ± 0.08

0.53 ± 0.08

n.s.

  Non-viable sperm with low ROS, %DCF⁻/PI⁺

49.03 ± 10.82

58.79 ± 8.90^*

63.65 ± 13.23^*#

< 0.0001

 Sperm with high intracellular calcium, %F3⁺

59.66 ± 18.09

79.00 ± 10.28^*

89.26 ± 9.27^*#

< 0.01

  Viable sperm with high intracellular calcium, %F3⁺/PI⁻

13.46 ± 13.84

23.06 ± 11.60

27.88 ± 14.50^*#

< 0.05

  Viable sperm with low intracellular calcium, %F3⁻/PI⁻

37.42 ± 16.94

20.07 ± 9.92^*

10.19 ± 9.02^*#

< 0.001

  Non-viable sperm with high intracellular calcium, %F3⁺/PI⁺

46.20 ± 9.69

55.94 ± 8.49^*

61.38 ± 10.70^*#

< 0.001

  Non-viable sperm with low intracellular calcium, %F3⁻/PI⁺

2.92 ± 2.37

0.93 ± 0.83^*

0.56 ± 0.39^*

< 0.001