Fig. 1

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) alleviated Bacillus cereus 2101 (BC)-induced cell death. MAC-T cells were treated with BC (MOI = 0.5, 5 or 50) and/or LGR-1 (MOI = 1, 10, 100, or 1000) for 3 h. (A) The blood plate shows that the strain was hemolytic. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the strain was rod-shaped. The scale bar is shown in the lower left corner. The color was purple after staining with the Gram Staining Kit. (B) Virulence factors of BC. M. Marker; 1. HBLA; 2. HBLB; 3. HBLD; 4. NHEA; 5. NHEB; 6. NHEC; 7. InhA; 8. CytK; 9. HlyA; 10. HlyIII; 11. EntFM. (C) Growth curves of BC. (D) Cell death induced by BC. (E) Cell death induced by LGR-1 and/or BC. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups. The data are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *** P < 0.001