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Table 1 The formulation and approximate composition analysis of the six diets

From: Dietary protein levels changed the hardness of muscle by acting on muscle fiber growth and the metabolism of collagen in sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Ingredients, %

Dietary protein levels, %

15.91

19.39

22.10

25.59

28.53

31.42

Fish meal

5.40

6.43

7.46

8.48

9.51

10.54

Casein

12.89

15.34

17.78

20.23

22.68

25.12

Gelatin

2.50

2.97

3.44

3.92

4.39

4.86

α-starch

18.00

18.00

18.00

18.00

18.00

18.00

Corn starch

44.60

41.11

37.61

34.13

30.60

27.10

Microcrystalline cellulose

6.68

6.34

6.00

5.64

5.33

5.00

Fish oil

2.43

2.34

2.26

2.17

2.09

2.00

Soybean oil

1.76

1.76

1.76

1.76

1.76

1.76

Vitamin premixa

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Mineral premixb

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

Ca(H2PO4)2

1.67

1.64

1.61

1.59

1.56

1.53

Choline chloride premixc

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Ethoxyquin

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

L-Trp

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.05

Nutrient contents, %

 Protein

16.00

19.00

22.00

25.00

28.00

31.00

 Lipid

4.70

4.70

4.71

4.71

4.72

4.72

 n-3

1.02

1.02

1.02

1.02

1.02

1.02

 n-6

0.94

0.94

0.94

0.94

0.94

0.94

 Digestive energy, KJ/g

13.89

13.89

13.89

13.89

13.89

13.89

  1. aPer kilogram of vitamin premix (g/kg): retinyl acetate (500,000 IU/g), 0.19; cholecalciferol (500,000 IU/g), 0.20; DL-α-tocopherol acetate (50%), 23.2; menadione (50%), 0.38; cyanocobalamin (1%), 0.94; D-biotin (2%), 0.75; folic acid (95%), 0.17; thiamine nitrate (98%), 0.09; ascorhyl acetate (95%), 9.77; niacin (99%), 3.44; meso-inositol (98%), 28.5; calcium-D-pantothenate (98%), 3.85; riboflavin (80%), 0.73; pyridoxine hydrochloride (98%), 0.45. All ingredients were diluted with corn starch to 1 kg
  2. bPer kilogram of mineral premix (g/kg): MnSO4·H2O (31.8% Mn), 2.66; MgSO4â‹…H2O (15.0% Mg), 256.79; FeSO4·H2O (30.0% Fe), 12.61; ZnSO4·H2O (34.5% Zn), 8.87; CuSO4.5H2O (25.1% Cu), 0.95; Ca (IO3)2 (3.2% Ca), 0.0668 g; Na2SeO3 (45% Se), 6.07. All ingredients were diluted with corn starch to 1 kg
  3. cPer kilogram of choline chloride premix contains choline chloride (50%) 261.95 g, the rest diluted with corn starch to 1 kg