The effect of ensiled paulownia leaves in a high-forage diet on ruminal fermentation, methane production, fatty acid composition, and milk production performance of dairy cows

Huang, Haihao; Lechniak, Dorota; Szumacher-Strabel, Malgorzata; Patra, Amlan Kumar; Kozłowska, Martyna; Kolodziejski, Pawel; Gao, Min; Ślusarczyk, Sylwester; Petrič, Daniel; Cieslak, Adam

doi:10.1186/s40104-022-00745-9

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Table 4 The effect on replacing alfalfa silage with paulownia leaves silage (60 g/kg) on ruminal fermentation characteristics measured in rumen-cannulated cows (n = 4) (Exp. 2)

From: The effect of ensiled paulownia leaves in a high-forage diet on ruminal fermentation, methane production, fatty acid composition, and milk production performance of dairy cows

Variables¹	0 h²		3 h²		6 h²		Treatment		SEM	P-value⁴
Variables¹	CON³	PLS³	CON	PLS	CON	PLS	CON	PLS	SEM	T	H	T × H
pH	5.93	6.07	5.92	6.13	6.09	6.18	5.98	6.13	0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.22
NH₃, mmol/L	8.73^b	8.57^b	7.84^b	11.2^a	6.75^c	12.4^a	7.80	10.7	0.41	< 0.01	0.50	< 0.01
Total VFA, mmol/L	106	108	106	104	107	107	106	106	0.53	0.64	0.33	0.44
VFA, mol/100 mol
Acetate (A)	64.5^a	64.4^a	63.0^a	60.2^b	63.1^a	59.2^b	63.5	61.2	0.25	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Propionate (P)	22.1^c	21.1^c	22.4^c	24.8^a	23.1^bc	24.8^a	22.6	23.6	0.19	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Isobutyrate	0.67	0.75	0.70	0.74	0.65	0.77	0.67	0.75	0.03	0.22	0.96	0.85
Butyrate	9.88^c	10.6^b	11.1^a	10.7^b	10.6^b	11.8^a	10.5	11.0	0.12	0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01
Isovalerate	1.10^b	1.52^a	1.13^b	1.80^a	1.10^b	1.84^a	1.11	1.72	0.04	< 0.01	0.03	0.04
Valerate	1.66^b	1.67^b	1.66^b	1.81^a	1.38^c	1.86^a	1.57	1.78	0.03	< 0.01	0.08	< 0.01
A/P ratio	2.93^a	3.06^a	2.83^a	2.47^b	2.75^a	2.40^b	2.84	2.64	0.03	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Microbial populations
Total protozoa, × 10⁵/mL	12.1	10.6	13.3	11.3	14.6	11.9	13.2	11.3	0.17	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.16
Isotrichidae, × 10³/mL	5.64^c	6.27^c	6.14^c	16.8^b	6.38^c	21.7^a	6.05	15.1	0.57	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Ophryoscolecidae, × 10⁵/mL	12.0	10.5	13.2	11.1	14.5	11.7	13.2	11.1	0.17	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.11
Dasytricha ruminantium, × 10³/mL	5.10^c	5.29^c	5.21^c	15.5^b	5.24^c	19.8^a	5.18	13.6	0.53	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Isotricha prostoma, × 10³/mL	0.25^d	0.19^d	0.49^c	0.93^b	0.66^c	1.37^a	0.47	0.87	0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Isotricha intestinalis, × 10³/mL	0.24	0.33	0.30	0.43	0.47	0.52	0.34	0.43	0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.48
Entodinium spp., × 10⁵/mL	11.9	10.4	13.0	11.1	14.3	11.6	13.1	11.0	0.17	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.12
Ostracodinium gracile, × 10³/mL	7.16^c	5.79^c	9.69^b	6.64^c	12.8^a	9.60^b	10.0	7.20	0.24	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Polyplastron multivesiculatum, 10³/mL	1.15^b	0.70^c	2.24^a	0.91^b	2.45^a	1.23^b	1.93	0.94	0.07	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

¹NH₃ ammonia, VFA volatile fatty acid
²The ruminal fluid was obtained from each cannulated cow from three locations in the midventral sac of the rumen before morning feeding (0 h), 3 h after morning feeding, and 6 h after morning feeding
³CON control diet, PLS paulownia leaves silage diet
⁴ T treatment, H hours
^a,b,c,d,eMeans with different superscript letters differ significantly (P < 0.05) among the treatments and hours in a row

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ISSN: 2049-1891

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