Compare study | Animal species | Injury | Size, nm | Modification | Dose | Exposed time, d | Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Na2SeO3 | Mice | Inducet atherosclerosis | 23, 40, 86 |  | 50 μg Se/kg BW | 24 | ↓ Atherosclerotic lesions; ↑ oxidative stress; ↓ GPx; ↑ hyperlipidemia in liver (observed changes were significantly higher in sodium selenite group; moreover SeNPs at the size of 40 nm showed highest negative impact on animal health) | [44] |
Na2SeO3 | Mice | Alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury | 60 | Chitosan | 1.58–5 mg/kg BW | 30 | LD50 sodim selenite: 8.8 mg/kg BW; LD50 SeNPs 73.2 mg/kg BW; − body weight, viscera indexes of heart, liver, spleen and kidney (not in liver); SeNPs showed gastroprotective properties; ↑ SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in gastric mucosa in SeNPs treated groups | [72] |
 | Mice | Oxidative stress | 50 | Chitosan | 10.5 mg/kg | 60 | Acute fetal test showed SeNPs-C/C was safer than selenite, with a median lethal dose (LD50) of approximately 4-fold to 11-fold of that of selenite | [50] |
Na2SeO3 | Mice | 0, 2, and 8 Gy gamma irradiation. | 20–50 |  | 0.1 mg/kg | 14 | Selenium nanoparticles as an emerging potent antioxidant agent can protect against irradiation induced nephropathy | [73] |
 | Mice | oxidative stress | 200 | Melatonin modified SeNPs | 10 mg/kg | 10 | MTse protects against hepatocellular damage than a similar dose of melatonin (10 mg/kg) or selenium (0.1 mg/kg) alone | [74] |
 | Mice | Gentamyin induced nephrptoxicity | 30–100 |  | 2 mg/kg BW | 10 | SeNPs are potent antioxidant candidate against GM-induced oxidative kidney toxicity and hematoxicity in mice. | [75] |
 | Mice | Eimeriosis-induced inflammation | 5–50 |  | 0.5 mg/kg | 5 | SeNPs were able to regulate the gene expression of mucin 2, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor α in the jejunum of mice infected with E. papillata | [76] |
 | Mice | Hepatocytes exposed to Gamma radiation | 50–200 |  | 0.10 mg/kg | 14 | Selenium nanoparticles bear a more potent antioxidant effect in comparison with selenium selenite and can effectively protect the liver cell against Gamma radiation at a dose of 8.00 Gy | [77] |
 | Mice | Cellular damage in thyriod by chromium | 3–20 |  | 0.5 mg/kg | 5 | Se nanoparticles have a protective effect on K2Cr2O7-induced thyroid damage, as a result of correcting the free T3 and T4 levels and GSH, catalase, SOD, and MDA compared to the K2Cr2O7-treated group. | [78] |
 | Rats | Deltamethrin induced effects on sperm characteristics | 100–200 |  | 0.5 mg/kg BW | 60 | ↑ Sperm count, motility and viability; ↑ body weight; − testosterone; ↑ GPx, TAC; ↓ MDA | [79] |
Na2SeO3 | Rats | Glycerol-induced acute kidney injury | 129.3 | Green synthesis with lycopene | 0.5 mg/kg | 14 | ↑ Renal biochemical profile, GPx, ↓ MDA; ↑ expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α genes; ↓ caspase-3, Bax, and cyt-c | [80] |
 | Rats | Chloride-induced hepatorenal toxicity | 100 |  | 0.4 mg/kg BW | 21 | − Creatinine levels; ↓ MDA; ↑ GSH, SOD in renal tissue; ↑ expression Bcl-2 (antiapoptotic protein); ↓ caspase-3 activity | [81] |
Na2SeO3 | Rats | Paracetamole induced toxicity | 40 |  | 0.5 and 1 mg/kg | 30 | − ALP, AST, ALT, LDH, GPx in Se and SeNPs groups; protective effect of Se and SeNPs against paracetamol | [82] |
 | Rats | Tert butyl hydroperoxid induced oxidative stress | 42 |  | 0.3 mg/kg BW | 35 | ↓ SOD in liver in SeNPs and t-BHP treated rats compared to ctrl; ↑ GPx, CAT in liver in SeNPs groups; − liver enzymes among treated groups compared to ctrl | [83] |
 | Rats | Streptozocin induced diabetes | 20–80 |  | 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg BW | 28 | ↓ Blood sugar, albumine in blood; ↓ creatinin, urea | [84] |
Na2SeO3 | Rats | Bisphenol-induced reproductive toxicity | 20–60 |  | 2 and 3 mg/kg BW | 70 | ↑ Antioxidant status; ↓ MDA; ↑ restoration of testicular tissue; ↓ expression of mRNA of COX-2; ↑ expression of mRNA of ER-2; ↓ DNA fragmentation compared to ctrl and sodium selenite group | [85] |
 | Rats | Induced bone toxicity | 40–90 |  | 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/kg/d | 28 | ↑ Bone density and biochemical markers of bone resorption | [86] |
 | Rats | Neurobehavioral abnormalities and oxidative stress caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine |  | Glycine | 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg BW | 30 | ↑ Rat’s behaviour and number of TH+ neurons; ↓ MDA; ↑ SOD and GSH-PX | [87] |
 | Rats | Oxidative injury | 50 | Chitosan | 280 mg/kg | 30 | ↑ Testicular function; ↑ testosterone levels, ameliorating testicular tissue; ↓markers of oxidative stress in male rats | [88] |
 | Rats | Renal injury | 68–122 |  | 0.1 mg/kg | 14 | ↑ Kidney relative weight; ↑ serum urea, creatinine, Kim-1, and renal malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β, cytochrome c, Bax, and caspase-3 levels | [89] |
 | Rats | ACR-induced injury | 25–51 | Chitosan | 0.2 mg/kg/d | 60 | Ch-SeNPs (0.2 mg/kg/d) displayed more protection against ACR-induced damages comparing to Na2SeO3 | [90] |
 | Rats | Reproductive toxicity |  |  | 0.5 mg/kg | 60 | SeNPs improved DLM-induced negative effects on sperm characteristics, testosterone, and antioxidant biomarkers, as well as behavioral and histopathological alterations. The SeNPs treated group showed improved semen parameters, antioxidant status, and sexual performance | [79] |
 | Rats | Streptozotocin STZ-induced diabetes | 10–80 |  | 0.1 mg/kg | 28 | SeNPs increased the glutathione content and antioxidant enzyme activities in testicular tissues. Moreover, microscopic analysis proved that SeNPs are able to prevent histological damage inthe testes of STZ-diabetic rats | [91] |
 | Rats | Diabetic nephropathy during pregnancy |  |  | 2.5 mg/kg | 42 | SeNPs significantly reduced the rate of urination, accelerated the start of gestation, and increased the percentage of successful pregnancy in females with DM | [92] |
 | Rats | Carbon tetrachloride-induced toxic damage of liver | 15–27 |  | 0.1 mg/kg | 14 | A high dose of SeNPsto rats with toxic liver damage decreases the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the blood and normalizes the level of liver enzymes at a time of the damage of the urinary system | [93] |
 | Rats | Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity | 200–300 |  | 2.5 mg/kg | 21 | SeNPs pretreatment significantly improved the level of AST, urea, creatinine, MDA, LDH, and GSH in the CCl4 -injected rats towards the control levels | [94] |
 | Rats | Cypermethrin-induced neurotoxicity | 100 |  | 2.5 mg/kg | 21 | SeNPs increased levels of GABA and glutathione; on the other hand, it significantly prevented the rise in the levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β | [95] |
 | Rats | Nephropathy |  |  | 5 mg/kg | 30 | Reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in tissue samples were correctly modulated in the pups from N.P.s treated diabetic mothers. | [96] |
 | Rats | Cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced neuro- and nephrotoxicity | 3–5, 10–20 |  | 0.5 mg/ kg | 56 | SeNPs significantly ↓ CdCl2-induced elevation of serum kidney and brain damage biomarkers; lipid peroxidation; the percent of DNA fragmentation and nearly normalized the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and↑ activity and expression of antioxidant biomarkers | [97] |
 | Rats | Brain oxidative damage |  |  | 0.1 mg/kg | 45 | Enhanced brain antioxidant status and lower AChE activity and oxidative-inflammatory stress biomarkers. A significant downregulation of caspase 3 and upregulation of parvalbumin and Nrf2 protein expressions was observed in treated groups | [98] |
 | Rats | MEL-induced renal function impairments | 3.3–17 | Green synthesis | 0.5 mg/kg | 28 | MEL-induced nephropathic alterations represented by a significant increase in serum creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal TNFα, oxidative stress-related indices | [99] |
 | Rabbits | Thermal stress | 50–400 | Lactic bacteria assisted synthesis | 20 and 50 mg/kg | 56 | 25 and 50 mg of nano-Se/kg diet,ncreasing the level of only BIO from a 25 to a 50 mg/kg diet gave more improvement inthe studied parameter | [100] |
 | Chicken | Heat stress | 100–500 |  | 0.5 mL/L | 38 | Weight gain, performance index, behavioral indices, MDA,SOD,immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, serum total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and serum creatinine concentrations increased (P < 0.01) | [101] |
 | Chicken | Oxidative stress by enrofloxacin | 100 | Biogenic | 0.6 mg/kg | 42 | Activity of cellular, humoral immune response and enzymatic, non enzymatic antioxidants was significantly decreases as a result of EFX treatment | [102] |
 | Chicken | Oxidative stress | 10–45 |  | 0.3 mg/kg | 42 | Highest serum IgG and IgM concentrations were recorded for non-stressed birds received nano-selenium and organic selenium | [103] |
 | Chicken | Cr((VI)) induced hepatic injury |  |  | 0.5 mg/kg | 35 | Histopathological examination suggested that the liver cells of the Cr(VI) poisoning group were more severely injured than the nano-Se addition group. RT-qPCR results showed that the relative expression of ACACA gene in the Cr(VI) poisoning group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the CPT1A gene’s expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) | [104] |
Na2SeO3 | Sows | Induced heat stress (35 °C) | 30–70 |  | 0.5 mg Se/kg diet | 25 | ↓ Greatly mRNA level of Hsp70; ↑ mRNA level of Hsp27 | [105] |
 | Sows | Induced heat stress (35 °C) | 30–70 |  | 0.5 mg Se/kg diet | 25 | ↑ Superoxide dismutase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the serum and liver; ↓ malondialdehyde in the serum and liver | [106] |