Fig. 4

Differentially abundant rumen microbial taxa between heat-stressed (HS) cows and the pair-fed thermal neutral (PFTN) control cows, which were detected using LEfSe with an LDA effect size ≥ 2. Only classified prevalent taxa (each detected in at least 50% of the samples) were visualized with additional taxonomic lineages of prokaryotes (B) and fungi (C) embedded in a respective cladogram