Fig. 5
From: The role of extracellular vesicles in animal reproduction and diseases
Effects of EVs in pregnancy-related diseases. Concentration and composition of EVs are released from male and female reproductive systems are involved in pregnancy-related diseases. EVs mediate dysregulation of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in immune cells and placenta. EVs are play significant role in induction of endometrial receptivity, uterus regulation, increases pro-inflammatory cytokines, increases glucose metabolism and regulation of vascular cells