Fig. 4
From: The role of extracellular vesicles in animal reproduction and diseases
Role of EVs in normal pregnancy and pregnancy related diseases. EVs mediate fetal-maternal communications in normal pregnancy. EVs contribute to embryo implantation by promoting trophoblast adhesion. Placenta can interact with immune cells via EVs to balance immune activation and suppression across the gestation. EVs are involved in angiogenesis, immunomodulation, glucose metabolism, embryonic development and fetal circulation. Particularly, secreted exosomes play a critical role in cell-cell communication mediators in pathological scenarios. As a result, these can induce gestational diabetes