Fig. 1
From: The role of extracellular vesicles in animal reproduction and diseases
Biogenesis of extracellular vesicles in male and female reproductive systems. EVs are composed of functional proteins, mRNA, and microRNA. In particular, the protein content of EVs depends on the cell type from which they are secreted. Biogenesis of extracellular vesicle (EV) subtypes such as exosomes, MV, syncytial nuclear aggregates and apoptotic bodies. EVs are intraluminal vesicles which are released when a multivesicular body fuses with the cell membrane through exocytosis. MVs are formed by outward shedding of the cell membrane into extracellular space. Apoptotic bodies are generated when cells undergo apoptosis. The macromolecular components of EVs may play a significant role in cellular functions and pathological states during ovarian and uterus cycling, implantation of female as well as male reproduction