Suitability of Hermetia illucens larvae meal and fat in broiler diets: effects on animal performance, apparent ileal digestibility, gut histology, and microbial metabolites

Table 6 Biogenic amines and ammonia in caecal digesta of broilers

Items	Protein × Fat						SE	P-value	Protein (LSMean)		SE	P-value	Fat (LSMean)			SE	P-value
Items	S + 0 L	S + 50 L	S + 100 L	L + 0 L	L + 50 L	L + 100 L	SE	P-value	S	L	SE	P-value	0 L	50 L	100 L	SE	P-value
Biogenic amines, mg/kg fresh matter
Agmatine	244	293	274	222	214	213	26.18	0.237	270	216	22.51	< 0.001	233	254	243	23.48	0.460
Ethanolamine	6.00	9.93	4.51	10.1	9.50	10.7	1.715	0.121	6.81	10.1	1.114	0.017	8.04	9.71	7.61	1.287	0.387
Methylamine	7.51	7.45	7.06	6.51	6.43	5.41	0.821	0.895	7.34	6.12	0.522	0.065	7.01	6.94	6.24	0.611	0.550
Putrescine	1.40	1.30	1.68	1.13	0.31	0.73	0.463	0.670	1.46	0.72	0.282	0.056	1.27	0.80	1.20	0.336	0.539
Cadaverine	4.17	5.69	3.82	4.86	3.57	3.70	0.796	0.107	4.56	4.04	0.590	0.343	4.52	4.63	3.76	0.648	0.365
Histamine	1.16	1.19	1.05	1.14	1.06	1.07	0.063	0.476	1.14	1.09	0.038	0.357	1.14	1.28	1.06	0.046	0.345
Tyramine	1.12	1.09	3.11	1.10	1.83	2.21	1.321	0.825	1.77	1.71	0.763	0.958	1.11	1.46	2.66	0.934	0.479
Spermidine	220	238	234	185	187	179	15.11	0.674	231	183	11.83	< 0.001	202	212	206	12.73	0.689
Spermine	13.7	11.6	11.0	9.53	10.5	8.53	0.777	0.166	12.1	9.51	0.448	< 0.001	11.6^u	11.0^uv	9.75^v	0.549	0.067
Ammonia, mmol/kg fresh matter	23.2	24.0	22.6	20.2	21.3	19.1	1.140	0.916	23.3	20.2	0.853	< 0.001	21.7	22.6	20.9	0.933	0.181

S, soybean meal; L; 15% of SBM crude protein substituted with HI larvae meal CP; S + 0 L, SBM + 0 HI larvae fat; S + 50 L, SBM + 50% HI larvae fat; S + 100 L, SBM+ 100% HI larvae fat; L + 0 L, HI larvae meal+ 0 HI larvae fat; L + 50 L, HI larvae meal+ 50% HI larvae fat; L + 100 L, HI larvae meal+ 100% HI larvae fat
^u,v indicate differences by trend (0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.10) for the main effect of fat source
SE Standard error

ISSN: 2049-1891