Fig. 6

Activation of NFE2L2 attenuated the inhibition of autophagy and oxidative stress induced by FFA. The 4 experimental treatments included the following: BSA + DMSO group, DMSO were used to treat cells for 24 h prior to use 2% BSA treating cells for an additional 24 h; 1.2 mmol/L FFA + DMSO group, DMSO were used to treat cells for 24 h before 1.2 mmol/L FFA treating cells for 24 h; BSA + 10 μmol/L SFN group, 10 μmol/L SFN were used to treat cells for 24 h followed by 2% BSA treating cells for an additional 24 h; FFA + 10 μmol/L SFN group, 10 μmol/L SFN were used to treat cells for 24 h followed by 1.2 mmol/L FFA treating cells for an additional 24 h. a Western blot analysis of NFE2L2, p62 and LC3-II. b Protein abundance of NFE2L2. c Protein abundance of p62. d Protein abundance of LC3-II. e MAC-T cells were transfected with the recombinant adenovirus mRFP-GFP-LC3 for 36 h and with/without SFN for another 12 h, before treated with/without 1.2 mmol/L FFA for another 24 h. Representative images of autophagosomes (yellow puncta) and autolysosomes (red puncta), scale bar = 25 μm. f ROS content. g SOD activity. Comparisons among groups were calculated using a one-way ANOVA with subsequent Duncan correction. The data presented are the mean ± SEM. Different superscript lowercase letters in bar charts represent significant difference (P < 0.05)