Table 1 Beneficial effects of different postbiotics supplementation on animal production
From: Gut health benefit and application of postbiotics in animal production
Animal | Postbiotics | Dosage | Beneficial effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Weaned piglets | HK of L. rhamnosus | 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% in diet with 1 × 109 CFU/g | Increased growth rate, feed efficiency, and apparent total tract digestibility; decreased TNF-α, TGF-β1, and cortisol in serum | |
Weaned piglets | CFS of L. plantarum TL1, RS5, RF14, RG11, and RI11 | 0.3% in diet | Increased feed conversion ratio, lactic acid bacteria count, and SCFA in the gut; decreased fecal pH value, ENT count, and diarrhea incidence | [134] |
Weaned piglets | CFS of L. plantarum TL1, RS5, RG14 | 0.5% in diet | Improved average daily gain, feed intake, and protein digestibility; reduce diarrhea incidence, pH value and ENT in the gut | [135] |
Weaned piglets | HK of Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 | 0.05% in diet | Improved villous atrophy and increased villous heights in small intestine | [136] |
Weaned piglets | HK of Enterococcus faecium NHRD IHARA | 0.1% in diet with 2 × 1010 CFU/kg HK | Improved growth performance, serum IgA and gut morphology; showed same efficacy as live strain | |
Weaned piglets | HK of L. plantarum L-137 | 20 mg/kg in diet | Increased IFN-β mRNA levels in serum against influenza A virus infection | [139] |
Newborn piglets | HK of L. spp. and L. plantarum | 8.6 × 107 CFU/mL | Increased feed intake and weight gain | [140] |
Newborn piglets | L. plantarum 22F, 25F, Pediococcus acidilactici 72 N | 1 × 109 CFU/mL | Increased daily gain and feed conversion ratio; increased viable Lactobacilli and decreased enterobacterial counts; improve gut morphology | [141] |
Broiler chicks at 1-day old | HK of Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 | 0.05% in diet | Increased total IgA in cecal digesta and IgG levels in the serum; reduced VRE colonization in the intestine | [142] |
Broiler chicks at 1-day old, layers at 23-week old | CFS of L. plantarum TL1, RS5, RF14, RG11, RG14, and RI11 | 0.3% in diet | Increased in hen-day egg production, reduced fecal pathogens population; increased final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, gut morphology, and SCFA levels in gut | |
Broiler chicks at 1-day old, 22-day old, or 88-day old | CFS of L. plantarum RI11 | 0.3% in diet | Increased body weight, feed conversion ratio; improved villi height in small intestine, increased IgM and IgG levels in serum, increased hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression level | |
Broiler chicks at 14-day old | PC of Pediococcus acidilactici, L. reuteri, Enterococcus faecium, L. acidophilus | 1 oz/gallon in water | Reduces the proinflammatory response, alternative to antibiotics in the context of Clostridium perfringens pathogen challenge | [149] |
Broiler chicks at 1-day old | HK of Bacillus subtilis, L. acidophilus BFI | 2 × 108 CFU/mL | Enhanced feed efficiency, decreased plasma cholesterol and creatinine contents, altered cecal microbiota composition | [150] |
Layer hens at 24-week old | HK of L. salivarius, Bacillus subtilis | 400 g/t in diet | Improved daily egg yield, feed conversion, damaged egg ratio, and Haugh unit; Decreased in total cholesterol, and lipoprotein cholesterol; increased antibody against avian influenza virus | [151] |
Postweaning lambs at 112-day old | CFS of L. plantarum RG14 | 0.9% in diet | Increased weight gain, feed intake, nutrient intake, and nutrient digestibility; increased fiber degrading bacteria and decreased total protozoa and methanogens in rumen; lowered leukocyte, lymphocyte, basophil, neutrophil and platelets; improved ruminal epithelium growth and integrity of intestinal barrier; increased IL-6 mRNA and decreased IL-1β, IL-10, TNF mRNA in jejunum |