Table 3 Summary of physical methods for mycotoxins detoxification^a.

Alkaline treatment

Ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium carbonate etc.

Removed 95% of AFB₁ in various cereals by ammoniation and hydroxide salts treatments.

[106,107,108,109,110,111]

Reduced DON by 83.9-100% in different feedstuffs through sodium carbonate and hydroxide salts treatments.

Ozone treatment

Ozone, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, sodium and calcium hypochlorite etc.

Reduced 92-95%, 91% and 78% of AFBs in corn, cottonseed and peanut meal respectively by ozone.

DON can be reduced 70-90% in corn and 20-80% in wheat by ozone.

The degradation of ZEN in corn can reach 90.7% through the ozone treatment with 100 mg/L ozone for 180 min.

[112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119]