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Table 7 The effect of CAL on in vitro ruminal FA composition (Exp. 1)

From: Dietary Coleus amboinicus Lour. decreases ruminal methanogenesis and biohydrogenation, and improves meat quality and fatty acid composition in longissimus thoracis muscle of lambs

Fatty acid, % of total FA

CON

CAL, % DM

SEM

P-value

10

15

20

Diet

L

Saturated FA

 C10:0

0.26

0.31

0.30

0.28

0.02

0.84

0.77

 C12:0

1.33

1.30

1.62

1.42

0.07

0.28

0.29

 C14:0

1.53

1.51

1.51

1.47

0.04

0.94

0.56

 C15:0

1.14

1.13

1.10

1.09

0.03

0.91

0.49

 C16:0

21.2

21.3

21.7

20.9

0.20

0.48

0.89

 C17:0

0.76

0.72

0.72

0.72

0.02

0.78

0.39

 C18:0

41.0a

36.7b

36.5b

33.8b

0.77

< 0.01

< 0.01

 C20:0

0.07

0.09

0.08

0.06

0.01

0.63

0.54

 C21:0

0.20

0.21

0.18

0.19

0.02

0.95

0.77

 C22:0

0.13

0.16

0.16

0.18

0.01

0.46

0.13

 C23:0

0.17

0.16

0.14

0.15

0.01

0.82

0.43

 C24:0

0.52

0.46

0.45

0.44

0.02

0.17

0.04

Monounsaturated FA

 C14:1

0.50

0.48

0.37

0.38

0.03

0.12

0.04

 C15:1

0.52

0.62

0.55

0.60

0.03

0.69

0.57

 C16:1

0.57

0.77

0.61

0.89

0.06

0.16

0.11

 C17:1

0.21

0.23

0.25

0.24

0.02

0.90

0.47

 C18:1 trans-10

1.01a

0.80ab

0.65b

0.57b

0.06

0.05

< 0.01

 C18:1 trans-11 (VA)

2.40a

1.84b

1.86b

1.67b

0.08

< 0.01

< 0.01

 C18:1 cis-9

10.9b

12.9a

13.8a

13.7a

0.37

0.02

< 0.01

 C18:1 cis-11

1.14b

1.26ab

1.33a

1.31a

0.03

0.03

< 0.01

 C18:1 cis-12

0.14

0.14

0.11

0.12

0.01

0.68

0.37

 C18:1 cis-13

0.20

0.14

0.09

0.14

0.02

0.11

0.09

 C18:1 cis-14

0.33

0.36

0.37

0.37

0.02

0.85

0.42

 C20:1 trans

0.95a

0.89ab

0.87ab

0.81b

0.02

0.05

< 0.01

 C24:1

0.15b

0.16b

0.27a

0.28a

0.02

< 0.01

0.03

Polyunsaturated FA

 C18:2 cis-12 trans-10

0.23b

0.30a

0.23b

0.32a

0.01

< 0.01

0.04

 C18:2 cis-9 trans-11 (RA)

0.09

0.12

0.13

0.09

0.01

0.45

0.99

 C18:2 cis-9 cis-12 (LA)

10.5b

12.6a

12.3a

13.0a

0.35

0.04

0.02

 C18:3 cis-6 cis-9 cis-12

0.12

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.01

0.43

0.84

 C18:3 cis-9cis-12cis-15 (LNA)

1.25b

1.79ab

1.59ab

4.10a

0.35

0.01

< 0.01

 C20:2

0.32

0.31

0.32

0.28

0.03

0.96

0.72

 C22:2

0.12

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.01

0.65

0.75

∑ SFA

68.3a

64.1b

64.4b

60.7c

0.79

< 0.01

< 0.01

∑ UFA

31.7a

35.9b

35.6b

39.2c

0.79

< 0.01

< 0.01

∑ MUFA

19.0

20.6

20.8

21.2

0.38

0.15

0.04

∑ PUFA

12.6c

15.3b

14.8bc

17.9a

0.55

< 0.01

< 0.01

∑ n-6

11.1b

13.1a

12.8ab

13.5a

0.35

0.04

0.02

∑ n-3

1.25b

1.79b

1.59b

4.10a

0.35

0.01

< 0.01

n-6/n-3

9.11

8.75

8.98

6.94

0.44

0.26

0.11

PUFA/SFA

0.19b

0.25b

0.23b

0.31a

0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

LNA/LA

0.12b

0.14b

0.13b

0.31a

0.03

0.01

< 0.01

∑ C18:1

16.0

17.5

17.9

17.9

0.38

0.21

0.06

∑ C18:1 trans-

3.33a

2.50b

2.59b

2.28b

0.09

< 0.01

< 0.01

∑ C18:1 cis-

12.8b

15.0a

15.3a

15.7a

0.40

0.03

< 0.01

∑ CLA

0.32b

0.42a

0.36ab

0.41a

0.02

0.05

0.11

∑ MCFA

27.0

27.4

27.8

27.1

0.27

0.69

0.83

∑ LCFA

73.0

72.6

72.2

72.8

0.27

0.72

0.69

BH Int

4.31a

3.57b

3.52b

3.31b

0.10

< 0.01

< 0.01

LA BH, %

64.6a

57.2b

56.1b

53.6b

1.26

< 0.01

< 0.01

LNA BH, %

94.2a

92.0a

91.5a

78.1b

1.88

< 0.01

< 0.01

RA/VA

0.05

0.08

0.07

0.07

0.01

0.24

0.44

  1. CON control diet, CAL Coleus amboinicus Lour. diet, SEM standard error of means, L linear response, VA vaccenic acid, RA rumenic acid, SFA saturated fatty acids, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids, LA linoleic acid, MCFA medium-chain fatty acids, LCFA long-chain fatty acids, BH int biohydrogenation intermediates, CLA conjugated linoleic acids, LA BH, biohydrogenation of linoleic acid, LNA BH biohydrogenation of linolenic acid
  2. Different superscripts (a, b, c) within the same row indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 and tended to significant at P < 0.10