Dietary Coleus amboinicus Lour. decreases ruminal methanogenesis and biohydrogenation, and improves meat quality and fatty acid composition in longissimus thoracis muscle of lambs

Table 6 The effect of CAL on in vitro ruminal microorganisms (Exp. 1)

Variables	CON	CAL, % DM			SEM	P-value
Variables	CON	10	15	20	SEM	Diet	L
Total protozoa, 10³/mL	4.89	4.68	4.68	4.91	0.003	0.40	0.91
Holotricha, 10³/mL	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.72	0.55
Entodinomorpha, 10³/mL	4.85	4.64	4.64	4.87	0.07	0.39	0.91
Total bacteria, 10⁸/mL	4.74	4.31	4.51	4.48	0.06	0.08	0.27
Streptococcus bovis*	1.00^ab	5.26^a	0.08^b	0.16^b	0.70	0.01	0.76
Ruminococcus flavefaciens*	1.00	0.43	0.88	0.43	0.19	0.63	0.38
Ruminococcus albus*	1.00	0.10	3.16	18.5	3.08	0.13	0.09
Megasphaera elsdenii*	1.00	4.07	4.63	3.69	0.86	0.47	0.20
Prevotella spp.*	1.00^b	8.54^a	1.93^ab	0.46^b	1.06	0.02	0.84
Lactobacillus spp.*	1.00	0.05	0.33	0.11	0.05	0.12	0.22
Fibrobacter succinogenes*	1.00	0.57	0.28	0.02	0.10	0.27	0.40
Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus*	1.00^b	5.42^a	2.38^ab	1.53^b	0.54	< 0.01	0.47
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens*	1.00^b	15.0^a	4.83^ab	3.61^ab	1.60	0.01	0.53
Anaerovibrio lipolytica*	1.00	0.23	0.81	0.34	0.13	0.12	0.15
Total methanogens, 10⁷/mL	4.39^a	3.87^b	3.91^b	3.32^c	0.10	< 0.01	< 0.01
Methanobacteriales, 10⁶/mL	3.05^a	2.85^b	2.81^bc	2.67^c	0.04	< 0.01	< 0.01
Methanomicrobiales, 10⁶/mL	3.06^a	2.89^b	2.97^b	2.67^ab	0.04	0.01	0.13

CON control diet, CAL Coleus amboinicus Lour. diet, SEM standard error of means, L linear response
*Relative transcript abundance (∆∆ CT)
Different superscripts (a, b, c) within the same row indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 2049-1891