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Table 4 Effects of the dietary treatments on ruminal fermentation parameters and alpha diversity of microbial community

From: Long-term and combined effects of N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide and fumaric acid on methane production, rumen fermentation, and lactation performance in dairy goats

Item

Treatment1

SEM

P-value

CON

FUM

NPD

FN

Week

FUM

NPD

F × N

F × week

N × week

pH

6.39

6.50

6.46

6.39

0.037

0.001

0.661

0.561

0.033

0.943

0.659

Total VFA production, mmol/L

79.2

75.8

77.5

77.2

3.07

0.001

0.555

0.978

0.624

0.624

0.534

Individual VFA molar proportion, %

 Acetate

65.7

66.4

65.4

65.3

0.46

0.001

0.541

0.142

0.424

0.620

0.088

 Propionate

18.1

18.9

17.8

19.6

0.40

0.164

0.006

0.525

0.222

0.394

0.627

 Butyrate

12.7

11.5

13.1

11.5

0.37

0.001

0.002

0.603

0.629

0.940

0.196

 Valerate

1.13

1.12

1.19

1.21

0.795

0.771

0.795

0.077

0.641

0.923

0.534

 A:P

3.67

3.54

3.69

3.34

0.089

0.098

0.018

0.307

0.243

0.367

0.479

 VFA hydrogen ratio

8.25

7.84

8.29

7.41

0.196

0.299

0.005

0.327

0.238

0.415

0.619

 Fumarate, mmol/L

0.10

0.07

0.10

0.08

0.007

0.001

0.003

0.98

0.451

0.431

0.582

 Succinate, mmol/L

2.54

2.02

2.39

1.80

0.225

0.008

0.025

0.425

0.880

0.458

0.445

 Lactate, mmol/L

1.14

0.82

0.79

0.78

0.132

0.001

0.226

0.165

0.241

0.752

0.222

Relative abundances of fumarate-utilizing bacteria, %

 Prevotella ruminicola

9.50

9.52

8.83

9.70

0.772

0.089

0.574

0.760

0.591

0.724

0.831

 Fibrobacter succinogenes

1.51

1.67

1.71

1.32

0.184

0.054

0.530

0.687

0.162

0.510

0.845

 Selenomonas ruminantium

0.18

0.23

0.20

0.30

0.035

0.001

0.059

0.192

0.461

0.187

0.759

Alpha diversity of microbial community

 Observed OTUs

2786

2956

2756

2776

96.8

0.442

0.345

0.297

0.454

0.392

0.883

 ACE

5239

5528

5212

5160

171.3

0.027

0.503

0.273

0.340

0.725

0.987

 Shannon

8.08

8.07

7.99

8.17

0.089

0.226

0.352

0.954

0.323

0.354

0.693

  1. 1Means by treatment was the pooled data from goats at weeks 3, 6, 9 and 12, n = 5 for the microbial measurements and n = 6 for the others
  2. The P-values for all the F × N × week. interactions were higher than 0.05, and they were not listed in the table
  3. CON Control, FUM Fumaric acid, NPD N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide, FN FUM+ NPD, A:P Acetate: propionate ratio, SEM Standard error of means