Item | Treatment1 | SEM | P-value | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CON | FUM | NPD | FN | Week | FUM | NPD | F × N | F × week | N × week | ||
pH | 6.39 | 6.50 | 6.46 | 6.39 | 0.037 | 0.001 | 0.661 | 0.561 | 0.033 | 0.943 | 0.659 |
Total VFA production, mmol/L | 79.2 | 75.8 | 77.5 | 77.2 | 3.07 | 0.001 | 0.555 | 0.978 | 0.624 | 0.624 | 0.534 |
Individual VFA molar proportion, % | |||||||||||
 Acetate | 65.7 | 66.4 | 65.4 | 65.3 | 0.46 | 0.001 | 0.541 | 0.142 | 0.424 | 0.620 | 0.088 |
 Propionate | 18.1 | 18.9 | 17.8 | 19.6 | 0.40 | 0.164 | 0.006 | 0.525 | 0.222 | 0.394 | 0.627 |
 Butyrate | 12.7 | 11.5 | 13.1 | 11.5 | 0.37 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.603 | 0.629 | 0.940 | 0.196 |
 Valerate | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 0.795 | 0.771 | 0.795 | 0.077 | 0.641 | 0.923 | 0.534 |
 A:P | 3.67 | 3.54 | 3.69 | 3.34 | 0.089 | 0.098 | 0.018 | 0.307 | 0.243 | 0.367 | 0.479 |
 VFA hydrogen ratio | 8.25 | 7.84 | 8.29 | 7.41 | 0.196 | 0.299 | 0.005 | 0.327 | 0.238 | 0.415 | 0.619 |
 Fumarate, mmol/L | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.98 | 0.451 | 0.431 | 0.582 |
 Succinate, mmol/L | 2.54 | 2.02 | 2.39 | 1.80 | 0.225 | 0.008 | 0.025 | 0.425 | 0.880 | 0.458 | 0.445 |
 Lactate, mmol/L | 1.14 | 0.82 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.132 | 0.001 | 0.226 | 0.165 | 0.241 | 0.752 | 0.222 |
Relative abundances of fumarate-utilizing bacteria, % | |||||||||||
 Prevotella ruminicola | 9.50 | 9.52 | 8.83 | 9.70 | 0.772 | 0.089 | 0.574 | 0.760 | 0.591 | 0.724 | 0.831 |
 Fibrobacter succinogenes | 1.51 | 1.67 | 1.71 | 1.32 | 0.184 | 0.054 | 0.530 | 0.687 | 0.162 | 0.510 | 0.845 |
 Selenomonas ruminantium | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.035 | 0.001 | 0.059 | 0.192 | 0.461 | 0.187 | 0.759 |
Alpha diversity of microbial community | |||||||||||
 Observed OTUs | 2786 | 2956 | 2756 | 2776 | 96.8 | 0.442 | 0.345 | 0.297 | 0.454 | 0.392 | 0.883 |
 ACE | 5239 | 5528 | 5212 | 5160 | 171.3 | 0.027 | 0.503 | 0.273 | 0.340 | 0.725 | 0.987 |
 Shannon | 8.08 | 8.07 | 7.99 | 8.17 | 0.089 | 0.226 | 0.352 | 0.954 | 0.323 | 0.354 | 0.693 |