From: A review of the resistome within the digestive tract of livestock
Sample | Use of antimicrobials | Name of antimicrobial | Major findings | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Feces (n = 6) | NM | – | –Predominant by tetracycline, MLS, aminoglycoside, and β-lactam. | [30] |
Feces (n = 4) | Yes | NS | –Predominant by tetracycline, followed by aminoglycoside. | |
Feces (n = 178) | Yes | NS | –Tetracycline, macrolide, β-lactam and aminoglycoside AMR made up the majority of ARGs. | [122] |
Feces (n = 12) | Yes | Chlortetracycline | –Predominant by MDR, followed by aminoglycoside, and tetracycline. –Chlortetracycline at low or therapeutic doses did not alter the relative abundance of total ARGs and predominant ARG classes. | |
Feces (n = 63) | Yes | NS | –Predominant by tetracycline, followed by MLS, aminoglycoside, and β-lactam. –More abundant ARGs in the fecal samples collected in markets than farms. | [139] |
Feces (n = 15) | Yes | Ampicillin | –Predominant by tetracycline. –Ampicillin led to the increase in the abundance of ARGs belonging to β-lactam and bacitracin, and decrease of those belonging to tetracycline. –Increase in β-lactam, bacitracin-resistance, and MDR genes were more evident for oral than intramuscular administration of ampicillin. | [140] |
Cecum (n = 10) | Yes | NS | –Predominant by tetracycline, MLS, and cephalosporin resistant genes are the most abundant in two altitudes (730 m and 3300 m). –Differential abundant MLS, cephalosporin, and tetracycline between low and high altitudes. | [141] |