Fig. 6

Effects of oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ on the tube formation and migration in porcine vascular endothelial cells (PVECs). A PVECs were treated with various concentrations of H₂O₂ (0, 100, 200 or 300 μmol/L) for 24 h (n = 6). B PVECs were treated with 200 μmol/L H₂O₂ for 0, 6, 12, 24 or 48 h. CCK8 assay was used to measure cell viability (n = 6). C The mRNA relative expression of Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and glucose-regulated protein78 (GPR78). PVECs were treated with various concentrations of H₂O₂ (0, 100, 200 or 300 μmol/L) for 24 h (n = 3). D, E ROS generation in PVECs treated with various concentrations of H₂O₂ (0, 100, 200 or 300 μmol/L) for 24 h (n = 3). F, G Scratch healing assay of migratory distance of PVECs treated with various concentrations of H₂O₂ (0, 100, 200 or 300 μmol/L) for 24 h (n = 3; bar = 500 μm). H, I Representative images of tube formation by PVECs treated with various concentrations of H₂O₂ (0, 100, 200 or 300 μmol/L) for 24 h (n = 5; bar = 100 μm). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Different letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05