Table 4 Zearalenone concentrations in feedsa
From: Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in feeds in China during 2018–2020
Item | Year | NO. of samples | Positive samples, μg/kg | Numbers of samples in the range, μg/kg | The rate of over standard, % | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | Mean | Medain | Maximum | < 10 | 10–250 | 250–500 | 500–2000 | ||||
Corn | 2018 | 229 | 96.9 | 68.2 | 47.3 | 480.8 | 7 | 214 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 255 | 99.6 | 62.0 | 48.3 | 320.0 | 1 | 251 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 215 | 100 | 140.7 | 108.1 | 822.0 | 0 | 182 | 28 | 5 | 2.3 | |
Dried distillers grains with soluble | 2018 | 82 | 100 | 141.1 | 113.8 | 614.6 | 0 | 72 | 7 | 3 | 0 |
2019 | 22 | 100 | 214.0 | 149.1 | 956.7 | 0 | 13 | 8 | 1 | 0 | |
2020 | 23 | 100 | 144.9 | 96.1 | 350.1 | 0 | 18 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Corn germ meal | 2018 | 28 | 100 | 135.1 | 64.5 | 706.7 | 0 | 24 | 2 | 2 | 7.1 |
2019 | 23 | 100 | 144.9 | 108.8 | 416.8 | 0 | 18 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 10 | 100 | 250.1 | 226.0 | 561.1 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 10 | |
Corn bran | 2018 | 33 | 100 | 146.9 | 79.7 | 742.6 | 0 | 27 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
2019 | 19 | 100 | 105.7 | 73.7 | 343.8 | 0 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 16 | 100 | 183.5 | 140.6 | 475.2 | 0 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Corn gluten meal | 2018 | 21 | 100 | 105.6 | 69.4 | 505.7 | 0 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 4.8 |
2019 | 4 | 100 | 54.9 | 39.4 | 116.6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 1 | 100 | 326.8 | 326.8 | 326.8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Wheat | 2018 | 110 | 99.1 | 100 | 83.4 | 573.7 | 1 | 106 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
2019 | 34 | 97.1 | 61.2 | 45.5 | 210.8 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 27 | 100 | 104.9 | 72.7 | 369.1 | 0 | 24 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Wheat middling | 2018 | 34 | 100 | 87.7 | 77.9 | 190.3 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 45 | 100 | 105.9 | 72.0 | 906.9 | 0 | 42 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
2020 | 28 | 100 | 132.9 | 94.1 | 852.8 | 0 | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Wheat bran | 2018 | 148 | 100 | 92.0 | 81.8 | 280.6 | 0 | 146 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 85 | 100 | 91.5 | 83.4 | 346.3 | 0 | 83 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 41 | 100 | 170.6 | 108.1 | 604.8 | 0 | 32 | 7 | 2 | 0 | |
Soybean meal | 2018 | 118 | 100 | 74.3 | 66.2 | 339.9 | 0 | 116 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 23 | 100 | 91.1 | 54.8 | 522.0 | 0 | 21 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
2020 | 36 | 100 | 79.7 | 51.7 | 288.8 | 0 | 34 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Wheat flour | 2019 | 4 | 100 | 54.0 | 48.9 | 87.9 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2020 | 13 | 100 | 67.5 | 64.2 | 207.2 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Soybean bran | 2018 | 1 | 100 | 48.1 | 48.1 | 48.1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 4 | 100 | 96.3 | 90.3 | 176.8 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 19 | 100 | 177.7 | 113.5 | 826.8 | 0 | 14 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Rapeseed meal | 2018 | 24 | 100 | 79.9 | 66.2 | 336.3 | 0 | 23 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 4 | 100 | 59.3 | 50.9 | 92.1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 5 | 100 | 58.3 | 47.8 | 85.3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peanut meal | 2018 | 27 | 100 | 76.1 | 76.9 | 118.1 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 5 | 100 | 89.4 | 79.3 | 118.1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 9 | 100 | 105.8 | 77.3 | 227.9 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Fish meal | 2018 | 67 | 100 | 54.3 | 48.8 | 175.9 | 0 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 12 | 100 | 50.2 | 31.3 | 175.9 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Grass grain | 2018 | 66 | 100 | 115.9 | 88.2 | 614.6 | 0 | 62 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
2019 | 40 | 100 | 125.4 | 74.3 | 1,599.0 | 0 | 38 | 1 | 1 | 2.5 | |
2020 | 16 | 100 | 206.1 | 140.8 | 674.2 | 0 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
Unite bran | 2018 | 12 | 100 | 60.8 | 45.9 | 127.2 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 13 | 100 | 117.2 | 66.5 | 478.1 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 15 | 100 | 109.5 | 95.9 | 278.7 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Rice bran | 2019 | 4 | 100 | 176.9 | 168.5 | 299.3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
2020 | 14 | 100 | 75.8 | 62.3 | 278.7 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Complete pig feed | 2018 | 317 | 98.4 | 67.2 | 48.1 | 513.0 | 5 | 301 | 9 | 2 | 3.5 |
2019 | 213 | 100 | 84.3 | 65.6 | 1,599.0 | 0 | 209 | 2 | 2 | 1.9 | |
2020 | 89 | 100 | 93.1 | 91.6 | 268.1 | 0 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 3.4 | |
Complete poultry feed | 2018 | 248 | 99.6 | 59.8 | 51.5 | 331.9 | 1 | 245 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 144 | 100 | 109.2 | 75.2 | 622.4 | 0 | 133 | 8 | 3 | 2.1 | |
2020 | 179 | 100 | 155.1 | 118.8 | 852.8 | 0 | 153 | 22 | 4 | 2.2 | |
Complete ruminant feed | 2018 | 117 | 100 | 90.6 | 50.3 | 906.9 | 0 | 107 | 8 | 2 | 1.7 |
2019 | 46 | 97.8 | 79.2 | 77.5 | 223.1 | 1 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
2020 | 62 | 100 | 124.9 | 105.5 | 376.3 | 0 | 55 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |