Dietary resveratrol attenuation of intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage is linked to the alteration of gut microbiota and butyrate in piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol

Table 6 Effect of resveratrol supplementation on the redox status in the jejunum of DON-challenged piglets^a

Variable	Treatments				SEM	P-value
Variable	CON	DON	RES	DON+RES	SEM	DON	RES	RES × DON
Gene expressions involved in antioxidant
SOD1	1.01^b	0.60^c	2.52^a	0.89^b	0.07	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
GCLC	1.02^b	0.58^c	2.47^a	1.02^b	0.11	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
GCLM	1.02^b	0.65^c	1.80^a	0.91^bc	0.12	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.027
HO-1	1.01^b	0.49^c	2.03^a	0.97^b	0.08	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002
NQO-1	1.01^b	0.58^b	3.66^a	1.20^b	0.25	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
The contents of antioxidant/oxidant indices, μmol/g protein
MDA	0.61^b	0.80^a	0.53^b	0.73^a	0.04	< 0.001	0.041	0.869
T-SOD	63.66^b	49.95^c	71.24^a	57.76^b	2.36	< 0.001	0.002	0.962
GSH	10.93^ab	10.02^b	12.01^a	11.17^ab	0.39	0.035	0.008	0.935
T-AOC	0.40^b	0.29^c	0.48^a	0.37^b	0.03	< 0.001	0.003	0.733
Protein expressions involved in antioxidant
SOD1/β-actin	1.68^a	0.39^c	1.93^a	0.74^b	0.10	< 0.001	0.010	0.639
GCLC/β-actin	1.46^b	0.36^d	1.81^a	0.69^c	0.11	< 0.001	0.009	0.955
GCLM/β-actin	0.79^b	0.42^c	1.33^a	0.52^c	0.09	< 0.001	0.004	0.025

^aValues are means and standard error of the means, n = 8 per treatment; labeled means in a row without a common letter differ, P ≤ 0.05; CON Control, DON Deoxynivalenol, DON+RES Combination of deoxynivalenol and resveratrol, GCLC Glutamate-cysteine-ligase catalytic subunit, GCLM Glutamate-cysteine-ligase modulatory subunit, GSH Glutathione, HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1, MDA Malondialdehyde, NQO-1 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1, RES Resveratrol, SOD Superoxide dismutase, SEM Standard error of the mean, T-AOC Total antioxidant capacity

ISSN: 2049-1891