Fig. 5

Treatment of signaling molecules without MYOD1 overexpression in PEFs. a Experimental design. PEFs were cultured in the medium containing the FSCHF cocktail and the medium was replaced with a medium containing 2% horse serum without signaling molecules on day 6. The non-treated group contained PEFs which was cultured in basal media. b Cell images under respective culture conditions. Scale bar = 200 μm. c qPCR results to confirm the expression patterns of muscle-associated genes (Exo-MYOD1, Endo-MYOD1, PAX7, MYF5, MYOG, and MHC) in PEFs. The amount of gene expression in the non-treated group is described as 1 compared to the other groups. Significant differences are represented by different letters, n = 3