Fig. 3

Induction of the myogenic program without entering the differentiation process. a Experimental scheme. Three groups (Cont. medium, FGF medium, and FSCHF medium) of pMYOD1-PEFs were induced toward the myogenic lineage according to the respective culture conditions for 14 days. Cont.: Control, FSCHF: FGF2, SB431542, CHIR99021, and forskolin. b Cell images showing the morphological changes under the respective culture conditions. Scale bar = 200 μm. c qPCR results to confirm the expression patterns of muscle-associated genes (Exo-MYOD1, Endo-MYOD1, PAX7, MYF5, and MYOG) in pMYOD1-PEFs. The amount of gene expression in the Cont. group is described as 1 compared to the other groups. Lowercase letters indicate comparisons among the 3 groups distinguished by the composition of signaling molecules (Cont., FGF, and FSCHF) for each culture period (days 3, 6, 9, or 14). Uppercase letters indicate comparisons among the culture periods (day 3 × day 6 × Dday 9 × day 14) for each group. Significant differences are represented by different letters, n = 3