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Table 7 Altered metabolites in the serum between FA and GF groups a

From: Short-chain fatty acids can improve lipid and glucose metabolism independently of the pig gut microbiota

Adduct

Metabolites

Metabolic pathway

M-to-Z

Rt, s

VIP

FC

P-value

M+

Choline

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

104.11

559.22

3.47

1.25

0.0042

(M + H)+

Hypoxanthine

Purine metabolism

137.05

349.60

6.37

1.33

0.0058

M+

Glycerophosphocholine

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

258.11

781.81

8.80

1.53

0.0124

(M + H)+

N1-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

153.07

127.37

1.36

1.32

0.0212

(M + Na)+

D-Mannose

Lysosome

203.05

574.98

1.70

0.65

0.0314

(M + H)+

L-Pyroglutamic acid

Glutathione metabolism

130.05

751.76

1.85

0.65

0.0344

(M + Na)+

1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

―

518.32

386.60

1.49

1.24

0.0575

(M-H + 2Na)+

1-Stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

―

568.34

367.11

4.30

1.74

0.0699

(M + H)+

5-Methylcytosine

Pyrimidine metabolism

126.07

403.47

1.05

0.66

0.0741

(M + H)+

1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

―

454.29

396.52

1.27

1.57

0.0790

(M + H-2H2O)+

2-Amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol

―

70.06

541.31

1.15

0.78

0.0801

(M + H)+

2-Hydroxyadenine

Purine metabolism

152.06

457.91

1.50

1.32

0.0813

(M + H)+

Deoxycytidine

Pyrimidine metabolism

228.10

421.57

1.02

0.74

0.0881

(M-H)-

L-Malic acid

Renal cell carcinoma

133.01

727.91

1.80

1.85

0.0009

(M + Na-2H)-

1-Oleoyl-L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid

―

457.23

438.26

1.67

1.63

0.0027

(M-H)-

4-Nitrophenol

―

138.02

59.08

1.05

0.82

0.0167

(M-H)-

Arachidonic acid

Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids

303.23

67.07

16.18

1.77

0.0170

(M-H)-

Stearic acid

Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids

283.26

349.68

1.11

1.58

0.0183

(M-H)-

Ketoisocaproic acid

Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation

129.06

94.17

5.75

1.20

0.0218

(M + Na-2H)-

Stavudine

―

245.05

539.43

1.16

0.30

0.0281

(M-H)-

Hypoxanthine

Purine metabolism

135.03

298.92

7.13

1.25

0.0335

(M-H)-

9R,10S-EpOME

―

295.23

75.32

1.46

1.68

0.0373

(M + CH3COO)-

Phosphorylcholine

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

242.08

721.65

1.32

2.28

0.0387

(M-H)-

Succinate

Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)

117.02

697.09

1.81

1.30

0.0409

(M-H)-

(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-4,7,10,13,1 6,19-Docosahexaenoic acid

Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids

327.23

67.13

8.88

1.87

0.0413

(M-H)-

Docosatrienoic acid

―

333.28

64.84

1.15

1.44

0.0459

(M-H)-

Palmitic acid

Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids

255.23

89.61

7.25

2.51

0.0478

(M-H)-

Eicosapentaenoic acid

Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids

301.22

68.36

4.80

1.90

0.0505

(M-H)-

Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid

―

305.25

66.69

4.36

1.67

0.0543

(M-H)-

L-Ascorbic acid

Glutathione metabolism

175.02

660.84

2.19

2.01

0.0617

(M-H)-

Norethindrone acetate

―

339.20

1152.64

1.82

0.64

0.0852

(M-H)-

Glycocholic acid

Bile secretion

464.31

322.78

1.41

1.43

0.0884

(M-H)-

Nnamecis-9,10-epoxystearic acid

―

297.24

75.71

1.42

1.82

0.0895

  1. a GF germ-free, FA short chain fatty acids, M-to-Z mass-to-charge ratio, Rt retention time; the VIP value was obtained from OPLS-DA model with a threshold of 1.0; FC foldchange, was calculated by dividing the mean intensity of FA group pig’s serum metabolites by the mean intensity of GF group pig’s serum metabolites; the significance P-value was obtained from Student’s test with a threshold of 0.10