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Table 1 Effect of dietary fibers on gut health of poultry

From: Dietary fiber in poultry nutrition and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, gut health, and on the environment: a review

Source

Inclusion level

Species

Response

Reference

SBM/Oat hull

3%, 5%

Broiler

Increased gizzard weight and reduced it’s pH

[4]

SBP/Pea hull

7.5%

Broiler

Increased abrasion of the mucosal surface of the small intestine, shortened the villus, and increased mucus output

[24]

Pea hull

2.5%

Broiler

Increased VH:CD ratio

[24]

SFM

40–45 g/kg

Pullet

Increased VH, villus weight, the VH:CD ratio and surface area

[25]

SFM

47 g/kg

Layer

Increased VH, villus weight, the VH:CD ratio and surface area

[26]

SFM

97 g/kg

Layer

Decreased VH, villus weight, the VH:CD ratio and surface area

[26]

Soyabean hull

40 g/Kg

Broiler

Decreased negative effects of coccidiosis on VH:CD

[55]

Rice hull

40 g/Kg

Broiler

Decreased negative effects of coccidiosis on duodenal villus height

[55]

Wheat bran

30 g/Kg

Broiler

Increased VH and VH:CD ratio

[56]

Chitooligosaccharide

5 mg/egg (in ovo injection)

Broiler

Increased beneficial gut bacteria

[62]

Soybean hull

7%

Broiler

increased acetic, propionic, isobutyric and butyric acid, lactic and succinic acid in cecal contents and depressed formic acid production

[76]

Alfalfa extract

0.06%

Broiler

Increased thymus, spleen and bursa weight; Proliferation of T and B lymphocytes; Increased anti-NDV serum; Enhanced overall immunity

[19]

Algae-derived polysaccharides

2500 mg/kg

Broiler

Increased VH of jejunum and ileum

[85]

Algae derived polysaccharides

4000 mg/kg

Broiler

Increased the VH of duodenum and ileum

[85]

Yeast derived β-glucans

0, 0.02%, or 0.1%

Broiler

Altered the cytokine-chemokine balance

[86]

Raffinose

1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mg in 0.2 mL of an aqueous diluents

Broiler

Increased VH and VH:CH ratio; improved immunity and gut health

[92]

Yeast cell

2.5 g/kg

Broiler

Enhanced antibody titers, IgM and IgA concentration, serum lysozyme and better gut morphology

[97]

Yeast culture

20 g/t

Turkey

Reduced transport stress

[103]

Wheat based diet (arabinoxylans)

0.1% (wt/wt)

Broiler

Increased production of cecal SCFA

[106]

Arabinoxylooligosaccharides

0.4% or 0.2%

Broiler

Maintained gut health

[107]

Barley-derived arabinoxylans

200 mg/kg body weight or 300 mg/kg body weight

Broiler

Enhanced macrophage activity

[109]

Fructooligosaccharide

0.5%

Broiler

Upregulated interferon-γ and IL-10 expression in ileum

[124]

  1. Abbreviations: SBM soybean meal, SBP sugar beet pulp, SCFA short chain fatty acid, SFM Sunflower meal, VH villus height, VH:CD villus height to crypt depth ratio