Fig. 3

Analysis of gene inheritance patterns. a Principal component analysis of the reciprocal crosses (CR, RC) and the parental lines (RR, CC). b The number of DEGs among F₁ progenies. c Inheritance patterns of DEGs between reciprocal crosses and parental lines. DEGs were divided into 12 types, e.g., class I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII, and further classified into three inheritance patterns: additivity (class I and XII), dominance (class II, IV, IX, and XI) and overdominance (class III, V, VI, VII, VIII, and X), based on the level of gene expression exhibited by reciprocal crosses and parental lines. Additivity, dominance, and overdominance are presented in blue, orange, and purple, respectively. Each class was accompanied by diagrams representing the relative expression levels of the maternal line (left dot), F₁ (middle dot), and paternal line (right dot). The number of DEGs in each class is shown above this class (green numbers, represented as the RC group) and below (blue numbers, represented as the CR group). d The proportion of additive, dominant and overdominant genes in DEGs