|
Nutrient
|
Effect
|
|---|
|
Treatment
|
Litter size
|
Fetal sex
|
|---|
|
CO
|
P4
|
Single
|
Twin
|
Male
|
Female
|
|---|
|
Amino acid
|
|
Alanine
|
4.5 ± 1
|
8.3 ± 2.3
|
5.9 ± 1.7
|
6.2 ± 1.5
|
5.5 ± 1.6
|
7.1 ± 1.4
|
|
β-Alanine
|
2.0 ± 0.9
|
1.5 ± 0.4
|
2.6 ± 1.2
|
1.2 ± 0.3
|
1.2 ± 0.3
|
2.7 ± 1.3
|
|
Arginine
|
2.4 ± 0.6a
|
4.2 ± 0.8b
|
3.7 ± 0.9
|
2.7 ± 0.6
|
2.8 ± 0.7
|
3.7 ± 0.8
|
|
Asparagine
|
15.4 ± 3.1
|
24.4 ± 5.8
|
23.8 ± 5.3
|
15.9 ± 3.6
|
17.1 ± 4
|
22.6 ± 4.8
|
|
Aspartate
|
0.60 ± 0.1
|
0.82 ± 0.2
|
0.83 ± 0.2
|
0.59 ± 0.1
|
0.57 ± 0.1
|
0.89 ± 0.2
|
|
Citrulline
|
1.8 ± 0.6
|
4.1 ± 1.2
|
2.7 ± 0.9
|
2.8 ± 0.9
|
2.2 ± 0.8
|
3.7 ± 1
|
|
Glutamate
|
6.4 ± 0.6
|
7.5 ± 1.4
|
7.1 ± 0.9
|
6.8 ± 1
|
6.7 ± 0.9
|
7.2 ± 1
|
|
Glutamine
|
6.9 ± 1.8
|
11.1 ± 3.1
|
10.1 ± 3.1
|
7.6 ± 1.9
|
7.3 ± 2.2
|
10.9 ± 2.7
|
|
Glycine
|
8.3 ± 0.6
|
12.2 ± 2.6
|
9 ± 1.1
|
10.6 ± 1.9
|
8.8 ± 1.4
|
11.7 ± 2.2
|
|
Histidine
|
1.3 ± 0.4
|
2.2 ± 0.6
|
2.2 ± 0.6
|
1.3 ± 0.4
|
1.5 ± 0.4
|
2 ± 0.5
|
|
Isoleucine
|
0.74 ± 0.3
|
1.0 ± 0.4
|
0.99 ± 0.5
|
0.78 ± 0.3
|
0.65 ± 0.3
|
1.2 ± 0.5
|
|
Leucine
|
3.2 ± 0.8
|
4.9 ± 1.5
|
4.6 ± 1.4
|
3.4 ± 0.9
|
3.6 ± 1
|
4.4 ± 1.3
|
|
Lysine
|
1.5 ± 0.4
|
2.8 ± 0.8
|
3.2 ± 0.9a
|
1.2 ± 0.3b
|
0.9 ± 0.7
|
2.3 ± 0.6
|
|
Methionine
|
0.74 ± 0.2
|
0.95 ± 0.2
|
0.82 ± 0.2
|
0.83 ± 0.2
|
0.59 ± 0.2
|
1.2 ± 0.3
|
|
Ornithine
|
0.34 ± 0.1
|
0.56 ± 0.2
|
0.59 ± 0.2
|
0.32 ± 0.1
|
0.33 ± 0.1
|
0.60 ± 0.2
|
|
Phenylalanine
|
0.70 ± 0.2
|
1.1 ± 0.5
|
0.68 ± 0.2
|
1.0 ± 0.4
|
0.81 ± 0.3
|
1.0 ± 0.3
|
|
Serine
|
36.3 ± 4.5
|
41.7 ± 5.7
|
37.2 ± 5.1
|
39.5 ± 4.9
|
38.2 ± 4.5
|
39.1 ± 5.8
|
|
Taurine
|
13.4 ± 3.2
|
8 ± 1
|
16 ± 4.1
|
7.6 ± 1.1
|
12.1 ± 2.4
|
9.5 ± 3.4
|
|
Threonine
|
2.8 ± 0.7
|
6.4 ± 2.1
|
5.8 ± 2
|
3.3 ± 0.9
|
4.9 ± 1.6
|
3.4 ± 0.9
|
|
Tryptophan
|
0.72 ± 0.1
|
0.86 ± 0.2
|
1.0 ± 0.1a
|
0.61 ± 0.2b
|
0.67 ± 0.2
|
0.95 ± 0.2
|
|
Tyrosine
|
1.7 ± 0.4
|
2.7 ± 0.7
|
2.1 ± 0.6
|
2.1 ± 0.6
|
1.9 ± 0.6
|
2.4 ± 0.6
|
|
Valine
|
1.9 ± 0.5
|
3.2 ± 1
|
2.3 ± 0.7
|
2.4 ± 0.8
|
2.2 ± 0.7
|
2.9 ± 0.7
|
|
Agmatine and polyamines
|
|
Agmatine
|
0.14 ± 0.02
|
0.16 ± 0.05
|
0.17 ± 0.03
|
0.13 ± 0.04
|
0.15 ± 0.04
|
0.15 ± 0.03
|
|
Putrescine
|
0.021 ± 0.002
|
0.020 ± 0.004
|
0.028 ± 0.003
|
0.014 ± 0.002
|
0.022 ± 0.004
|
0.019 ± 0.003
|
|
Spermidine
|
0.12 ± 0.03
|
0.26 ± 0.07
|
0.17 ± 0.04
|
0.19 ± 0.05
|
0.10 ± 0.02a
|
0.31 ± 0.07b
|
|
Spermine
|
0.35 ± 0.1
|
0.15 ± 0.04
|
0.22 ± 0.07
|
0.30 ± 0.1
|
0.25 ± 0.07
|
0.29 ± 0.1
|
|
Hexose sugars
|
|
Glucose
|
5.8 ± 0.9
|
5.1 ± 0.9
|
6.9 ± 1a
|
4.4 ± 0.7b
|
4.5 ± 0.4
|
7.2 ± 1.4
|
|
Fructose
|
721.3 ± 75.2
|
672 ± 178
|
768.6 ± 134.8
|
656.9 ± 106.1
|
666 ± 99.8
|
763 ± 149.4
|
- Total amounts of nutrients in amniotic fluid from ewes treated with either CO (n = 14) or P4 (n = 10), from either singleton (n = 14) or twin pregnancies (n = 10), and associated with either male (n = 21) or female (n = 13) fetuses. Values represent means ± SEM. Different superscripts within Effect columns are significantly different (P < 0.05)
