Table 5 Total amounts (concentration × volume) of amino acids, agmatine, polyamines, and hexose sugars (mg) in amniotic fluid

 Alanine

4.5 ± 1

8.3 ± 2.3

5.9 ± 1.7

6.2 ± 1.5

5.5 ± 1.6

7.1 ± 1.4

 β-Alanine

2.0 ± 0.9

1.5 ± 0.4

2.6 ± 1.2

1.2 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.3

2.7 ± 1.3

 Arginine

2.4 ± 0.6^a

4.2 ± 0.8^b

3.7 ± 0.9

2.7 ± 0.6

2.8 ± 0.7

3.7 ± 0.8

 Asparagine

15.4 ± 3.1

24.4 ± 5.8

23.8 ± 5.3

15.9 ± 3.6

17.1 ± 4

22.6 ± 4.8

 Aspartate

0.60 ± 0.1

0.82 ± 0.2

0.83 ± 0.2

0.59 ± 0.1

0.57 ± 0.1

0.89 ± 0.2

 Citrulline

1.8 ± 0.6

4.1 ± 1.2

2.7 ± 0.9

2.8 ± 0.9

2.2 ± 0.8

3.7 ± 1

 Glutamate

6.4 ± 0.6

7.5 ± 1.4

7.1 ± 0.9

6.8 ± 1

6.7 ± 0.9

7.2 ± 1

 Glutamine

6.9 ± 1.8

11.1 ± 3.1

10.1 ± 3.1

7.6 ± 1.9

7.3 ± 2.2

10.9 ± 2.7

 Glycine

8.3 ± 0.6

12.2 ± 2.6

9 ± 1.1

10.6 ± 1.9

8.8 ± 1.4

11.7 ± 2.2

 Histidine

1.3 ± 0.4

2.2 ± 0.6

2.2 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.4

2 ± 0.5

 Isoleucine

0.74 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.4

0.99 ± 0.5

0.78 ± 0.3

0.65 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.5

 Leucine

3.2 ± 0.8

4.9 ± 1.5

4.6 ± 1.4

3.4 ± 0.9

3.6 ± 1

4.4 ± 1.3

 Lysine

1.5 ± 0.4

2.8 ± 0.8

3.2 ± 0.9^a

1.2 ± 0.3^b

0.9 ± 0.7

2.3 ± 0.6

 Methionine

0.74 ± 0.2

0.95 ± 0.2

0.82 ± 0.2

0.83 ± 0.2

0.59 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.3

 Ornithine

0.34 ± 0.1

0.56 ± 0.2

0.59 ± 0.2

0.32 ± 0.1

0.33 ± 0.1

0.60 ± 0.2

 Phenylalanine

0.70 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.5

0.68 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.4

0.81 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.3

 Serine

36.3 ± 4.5

41.7 ± 5.7

37.2 ± 5.1

39.5 ± 4.9

38.2 ± 4.5

39.1 ± 5.8

 Taurine

13.4 ± 3.2

8 ± 1

16 ± 4.1

7.6 ± 1.1

12.1 ± 2.4

9.5 ± 3.4

 Threonine

2.8 ± 0.7

6.4 ± 2.1

5.8 ± 2

3.3 ± 0.9

4.9 ± 1.6

3.4 ± 0.9

 Tryptophan

0.72 ± 0.1

0.86 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.1^a

0.61 ± 0.2^b

0.67 ± 0.2

0.95 ± 0.2

 Tyrosine

1.7 ± 0.4

2.7 ± 0.7

2.1 ± 0.6

2.1 ± 0.6

1.9 ± 0.6

2.4 ± 0.6

 Valine

1.9 ± 0.5

3.2 ± 1

2.3 ± 0.7

2.4 ± 0.8

2.2 ± 0.7

2.9 ± 0.7

 Agmatine

0.14 ± 0.02

0.16 ± 0.05

0.17 ± 0.03

0.13 ± 0.04

0.15 ± 0.04

0.15 ± 0.03

 Putrescine

0.021 ± 0.002

0.020 ± 0.004

0.028 ± 0.003

0.014 ± 0.002

0.022 ± 0.004

0.019 ± 0.003

 Spermidine

0.12 ± 0.03

0.26 ± 0.07

0.17 ± 0.04

0.19 ± 0.05

0.10 ± 0.02^a

0.31 ± 0.07^b

 Spermine

0.35 ± 0.1

0.15 ± 0.04

0.22 ± 0.07

0.30 ± 0.1

0.25 ± 0.07

0.29 ± 0.1

 Glucose

5.8 ± 0.9

5.1 ± 0.9

6.9 ± 1^a

4.4 ± 0.7^b

4.5 ± 0.4

7.2 ± 1.4

 Fructose

721.3 ± 75.2

672 ± 178

768.6 ± 134.8

656.9 ± 106.1

666 ± 99.8

763 ± 149.4