Table 3 Concentrations of amino acids, agmatine, polyamines (nmol/mL), and hexose sugars (μmol/L) in fetal plasma

 Alanine

512.8 ± 36.7

492.3 ± 55.6

456 ± 38.6^a

545.8 ± 46.6^b

500.5 ± 40.5

509 ± 51.6

 β-Alanine

129.6 ± 12.6

121 ± 15.5

144.5 ± 16.5

109.5 ± 9.8

126.8 ± 9.8

124.5 ± 19.9

 Arginine

137.2 ± 14.7

138.4 ± 10.6

135.6 ± 11.1

139.6 ± 14.9

144.6 ± 13.1

127 ± 12.6

 Asparagine

59.4 ± 6.2

54.3 ± 4.8

54 ± 4.7

60 ± 6.5

60 ± 6.2

53 ± 4

 Aspartate

33.1 ± 4.1

32.6 ± 5.4

25.4 ± 3^a

39.4 ± 5^b

31.6 ± 4.4

34.7 ± 5

 Citrulline

87.3 ± 6.1

93.7 ± 11.7

98.9 ± 9.2

82.3 ± 7.8

87.3 ± 5.9

94.1 ± 12.6

 Glutamate

600.5 ± 58.5

549.9 ± 78.2

507.4 ± 62.9

640.9 ± 66.2

578.5 ± 62.4

578.8 ± 73.5

 Glutamine

232.7 ± 19.1

245.9 ± 25.1

218.5 ± 20.5

255.8 ± 21.5

242.6 ± 19.1

232.2 ± 25.5

 Glycine

556.6 ± 56.7

622.6 ± 68.4

495.5 ± 36.3^a

663.6 ± 70.3^b

566.2 ± 55.1

613.6 ± 72.3

 Histidine

49.7 ± 3

55.4 ± 5.3

54.2 ± 4.7

50.4 ± 3.5

54.2 ± 3.8

49.1 ± 4.2

 Isoleucine

98 ± 5.6

89.3 ± 8.4

92.8 ± 6.9

95.5 ± 6.9

95.2 ± 6.3

92.8 ± 7.7

 Leucine

198.1 ± 9.9

179.6 ± 17.5

187.2 ± 14.5

192.5 ± 12.7

186.6 ± 13.1

196.1 ± 12.9

 Lysine

116.9 ± 9.5

112.5 ± 14.9

124.3 ± 13.8

106.9 ± 9.7

120.9 ± 11.4

106.1 ± 11.6

 Methionine

26.8 ± 2.3

28.1 ± 3.3

31.5 ± 3.2^a

23.7 ± 1.9^b

28.5 ± 2.7

25.6 ± 2.6

 Ornithine

123.6 ± 9.8

127.7 ± 19.9

136.6 ± 16.4

115.5 ± 12.4

125.1 ± 12.8

125.8 ± 17.1

 Phenylalanine

104.2 ± 6.1

92.6 ± 7.6

98.9 ± 7.7

99.4 ± 6.3

99.7 ± 6.4

98.4 ± 7.6

 Serine

860.5 ± 72.1

752.5 ± 76.3

697.8 ± 53.7^a

915 ± 79.9^b

843.7 ± 64.7

768.7 ± 90.6

 Taurine

128.7 ± 13.5

109.4 ± 16.1

134.1 ± 18

108.3 ± 11

123.5 ± 12.2

115.6 ± 18.8

 Threonine

239.9 ± 24.8

205.4 ± 26.7

277.1 ± 30.7^a

179.4 ± 13.5^b

256 ± 25.5^a

178.4 ± 18.5^b

 Tryptophan

35.4 ± 2.3

31.1 ± 2.8

36.9 ± 3^a

30.6 ± 1.9^b

34.6 ± 2.6

31.9 ± 2.4

 Tyrosine

115.5 ± 10.8

100.1 ± 8.9

116.8 ± 13.1

101.9 ± 7.3

103 ± 9.1

117.6 ± 12.1

 Valine

256.8 ± 13.8

218.6 ± 19.3

262.3 ± 18^a

220.3 ± 14.3^b

244.6 ± 15.7

233.7 ± 18.4

 Agmatine

214.5 ± 8.5

231.9 ± 13.7

226.7 ± 9.6

218 ± 11.9

225.4 ± 11.5

219.9 ± 10.5

 Putrescine

8.0 ± 0.8

6.5 ± 1.1

8.8 ± 0.9^a

6.1 ± 0.7^b

7.9 ± 0.9

6.6 ± 1

 Spermidine

2.0 ± 0.3

2.0 ± 0.4

2.5 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.2

2.1 ± 0.3

1.8 ± 0.3

 Spermine

7.3 ± 0.9

6.3 ± 1.1

7.3 ± 1

6.4 ± 1

7.3 ± 1.1

6.1 ± 0.6

 Glucose

1934 ± 212.8

2231 ± 475.4

1722 ± 237.7

2369 ± 374.6

2377 ± 301.4

1532 ± 303

 Fructose

2019 ± 640.9

3212 ± 1166

3836 ± 1260

1437 ± 225

1973 ± 640

3277 ± 1160