|
Parameter2
|
TRT1
|
SEM
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
CON
|
NTK
|
TRT
|
Time
|
TRT×Time
|
|---|
|
Phase 2
|
|
Metabolism
|
|
Glucose, mmol/L
|
4.68
|
4.74
|
0.12
|
0.70
|
<.0001
|
0.99
|
|
NEFA, mmol/L
|
0.119
|
0.124
|
0.013
|
0.81
|
0.04
|
0.16
|
|
BHB, mmol/L
|
0.513
|
0.519
|
0.031
|
0.87
|
<.0001
|
0.75
|
|
Cholesterol, mmol/L
|
5.65
|
5.19
|
0.32
|
0.32
|
0.0004
|
0.92
|
|
Urea, mmol/L
|
4.55
|
5.00
|
0.17
|
0.08
|
<.0001
|
0.40
|
|
Creatinine, μmol/L
|
79.33
|
80.05
|
1.91
|
0.79
|
<.0001
|
0.05
|
|
Inflammation and acute phase proteins
|
|
IL-1β, pg/mL
|
80.93
|
47.44
|
24.7
|
0.35
|
0.13
|
0.05
|
|
IL-6, pg/mL
|
284.7
|
293.3
|
44.2
|
0.89
|
0.16
|
0.76
|
|
MPO, U/L
|
433.8
|
427.4
|
18.5
|
0.81
|
<.0001
|
0.27
|
|
Haptoglobin, g/L
|
0.555
|
0.546
|
0.101
|
0.94
|
<.0001
|
0.33
|
|
Albumins, g/L
|
37.84
|
37.93
|
0.52
|
0.90
|
<.0001
|
0.85
|
|
Bilirubin, total, μmol/L
|
2.38
|
2.12
|
0.13
|
0.17
|
0.06
|
0.11
|
|
Ceruloplasmin, μmol/L
|
3.18
|
3.14
|
0.24
|
0.90
|
<.0001
|
0.79
|
|
Oxidative status
|
|
ROMt, mg H2O2/100 mL
|
16.57
|
16.26
|
0.86
|
0.80
|
<.0001
|
0.68
|
|
NOx, μmol/L
|
21.91
|
21.55
|
0.50
|
0.62
|
0.01
|
0.93
|
|
NO2, μmol/L
|
5.33
|
5.31
|
0.29
|
0.96
|
0.04
|
0.74
|
|
NO3, μmol/L
|
16.72
|
16.15
|
0.36
|
0.28
|
0.15
|
0.97
|
|
FRAP, μmol/L
|
132.3
|
134.2
|
5.3
|
0.80
|
<.0001
|
0.35
|
|
Paraoxonase, U/mL
|
91.1
|
90.09
|
4.74
|
0.88
|
0.001
|
0.95
|
|
Liver enzymes
|
|
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L
|
56.80
|
63.89
|
4.53
|
0.28
|
<.0001
|
0.54
|
|
AST, U/L
|
88.85
|
115.19
|
10.84
|
0.10
|
<.0001
|
0.40
|
|
GGT, U/L
|
31.32
|
38.06
|
4.15
|
0.27
|
<.0001
|
0.89
|
|
Minerals
|
|
Ca, mmol/L
|
2.43a
|
2.55b
|
0.03
|
0.01
|
0.009
|
0.28
|
|
Cl, mmol/L
|
101.8
|
101.5
|
0.6
|
0.75
|
<.0001
|
0.34
|
|
K, mmol/L
|
4.55
|
4.57
|
0.05
|
0.80
|
0.004
|
0.83
|
|
Mg, mmol/L
|
1.06
|
1.01
|
0.02
|
0.09
|
<.0001
|
0.71
|
|
Na, mmol/L
|
142.8
|
143.7
|
0.4
|
0.17
|
<.0001
|
0.05
|
|
P, mmol/L
|
1.97
|
1.94
|
0.08
|
0.78
|
0.10
|
0.70
|
|
Zn, μmol/L
|
9.84
|
11.20
|
1.06
|
0.37
|
<.0001
|
0.66
|
- 1TRT Treatment, CON Control, NTK NutriTek® supplemented group (19 g/d)
- 2NEFA Non-esterified fatty acids, BHB β-hydroxy butyrate, MPO Myeloperoxidase, IL1β and IL6 Interleukin 1 beta and 6, NOx Nitric oxides, FRAP Ferric reducing ability of plasma, ROMt Total reactive oxygen metabolites, GGT γ-glutamyl transferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase
