Fig. 4

Summary of clarifying how different solid diet regimens (hay or concentrate) drive rumen wall development and characterize their shared and unique biological process between “MH vs. M” and “MC vs. M”. The plus sign represents upregulated or activation, and the minus sign represents downregulated or inhibition. AA, amino acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LBP, LPS binding protein; MCP, microbial crude protein; VFA, volatile fatty acid