Stage | Dietary manipulationa | Tissue/Cellsb | Effect on abundance of gene and protein, and enzyme activityc | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Calvesd | Maternal RP-Met supply for 21 d before calving | Liver | ↑ BHMT, SAHH, and CBS gene abundance at 4 and 14 d of age in Met calves ↑ MAT1A in Met calves, overall ↑ GCLC and GSR at 4 d of age in Met calves ↑ BHMT, SAHH, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, CSAD, CBS, GCLC, GSR with aging until 50 d DNA methylation might be an important component of the physiologic adaptations of calf liver ↑ BHMT enzyme activity with aging until 28 d of age | [78] |
Maternal RP-Met supply for 28 d before calving | Liver | ↑ BHMT enzyme activity Met calves at 14 d of age ↓ CBS enzyme activity in Met calves, increasing at 14 and 28 d of age ↓ MTR enzyme activity in Met calves at 4 and 50 d of age ↑ MTR, DNMT3A, and BADH gene abundance in Met calves | [79] | |
Maternal RP-Met supply for 21 d before calving | PMNL | ↑ CBS and CTH gene abundance at birth ↓ GSR gene abundance at birth ↑ CBS, GCLC, GSS, and GPX1 with aging | [96] | |
Maternal RP-Met supply for 28 d before calving | PMNL | ↑ GPX1 gene abundance in Met calves | [97] | |
Uterine | Maternal RP-Met supply for 28 d before calving | Placenta | ↑ AA and glucose transporter gene abundance with RP-Met ↑ MTOR and RPS6KB1 gene abundance with RP-Met ↑ mTOR activation with RP-Met | [8] |
Maternal RP-Met supply for 28 d before calving | Placenta | ↑ TCA cycle and transsulfuration intermediates in Male calves with RP-Met ↑ MTR activity in Male calves with RP-Met ↑ One-carbon metabolism intermediates in Female calves with RP-Met ↑ DNMT3A gene abundance in Female calves with RP-Met ↓ Global DNA methylation in Female calves with RP-Met | [98] | |
Maternal RP-Met supply from calving until embryo flushing (around 70 d postpartum) | Embryos | ↓ Embryonic development genes expression (VIM, IFI6, BCL2A1, TBX15) with RP-Met ↓ Immune response genes expression (NKG7, TYROBP, SLAMF7, LCP1, BLA-DQB) with RP-Met | [12] |