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Table 4 Effects of increasing mammary glucose supply on the AA uptake to output ratio in the mammary gland of lactating dairy goats1

From: AMPK-mTOR pathway is involved in glucose-modulated amino acid sensing and utilization in the mammary glands of lactating goats

Item2

Infused glucose, g/d

SEM

P-value

0

20

40

60

80

100

Linear

Quadratic

Cubic

Essential AA

 Arg

2.79

2.85

2.50

3.86

3.22

2.19

1.32

0.87

0.52

0.59

 His

2.77

1.73

2.26

3.14

3.86

1.71

1.03

0.92

0.55

0.12

 Ile

2.29

2.51

2.65

3.72

2.24

1.87

0.74

0.55

0.22

0.47

 Leu

1.04

1.19

1.38

1.43

1.21

1.19

0.12

0.37

0.04

0.69

 Lys

1.09

1.14

1.74

1.88

1.43

1.19

0.16

0.33

< 0.01

0.16

 Met

1.00

1.13

1.45

1.97

1.47

1.00

0.31

0.91

0.04

0.70

 Phe

1.05

1.14

1.16

1.23

1.02

1.09

0.31

0.95

0.68

0.77

 Thr

1.01

1.19

1.15

1.11

1.32

1.25

0.14

0.88

0.29

0.52

 Val

1.32

1.33

1.42

1.54

1.57

1.34

0.11

0.95

0.30

0.44

Non-essential AA

 Ala

1.50

1.30

1.36

1.09

1.03

1.07

0.35

0.13

0.73

0.85

 Asx

0.25

0.12

0.14

0.12

0.32

0.12

0.11

0.86

0.96

0.34

 Cys

1.49

1.65

1.97

2.21

1.96

1.56

0.15

0.67

< 0.01

0.21

 Glx

0.63

0.76

1.13

1.14

0.95

0.63

0.12

0.43

< 0.01

0.87

 Gly

0.96

0.75

0.99

0.83

1.17

0.95

0.25

0.53

0.34

0.84

 Pro

0.66

0.74

0.72

0.58

0.90

0.63

0.32

0.69

0.86

0.55

 Ser

0.88

1.03

1.30

1.10

0.89

0.91

0.23

0.73

0.29

0.71

 Tyr

1.20

1.24

1.16

1.13

1.04

1.07

0.28

0.89

0.34

0.85

Essential AA

1.38

1.44

1.62

1.86

1.65

1.35

0.14

0.82

0.02

0.57

Non-essential AA

1.74

1.81

1.13

1.46

1.38

1.82

0.39

0.78

0.40

0.62

Group-1 AA

1.35

1.27

1.40

1.59

1.55

1.17

0.47

0.73

0.73

0.41

Group-2 AA

1.36

1.48

1.65

1.87

1.60

1.38

0.13

0.59

< 0.01

0.65

Branched-chain AA

1.38

1.50

1.67

1.89

1.55

1.38

0.38

0.87

0.10

0.78

Total AA

1.06

1.11

1.28

1.33

1.23

1.00

0.31

0.90

0.22

0.74

  1. 1 AA uptake to output ratio = Mammary gland uptake of AA (mmol/d)/[AA output in milk (mmol/d)]
  2. 2 Glx: glutamate + glutamine; Asx: aspartate + asparagines; Group-1 AA: His, Met, Phe, and Tyr; Group-2 AA: Arg, Ile, Leu, Lys, Thr, and Val; Branched-chain AA: Ile, Leu, and Val