Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor L. in growing pigs by transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics

Table 7 Concentrations of phospholipid and sphingolipid classes in liver and plasma of pigs fed isonitrogenous diets without (CON) or with 5% insect meal (IM5) or 10% insect meal (IM10) for 4 weeks

	CON	IM5	IM10	P-value
Liver, μmol/g
PC	16.2 ± 2.4	17.3 ± 2.0	17.1 ± 2.6	0.586
PE	8.36 ± 1.22	9.11 ± 1.18	8.32 ± 1.11	0.268
PI	5.05 ± 0.74	5.51 ± 0.87	5.12 ± 0.70	0.402
PS	2.47 ± 0.35	2.59 ± 0.34	2.53 ± 0.42	0.778
SM	1.10 ± 0.14	1.18 ± 0.18	1.13 ± 0.18	0.549
PE P	0.84 ± 0.21^b	1.12 ± 0.18^a	1.12 ± 0.21^a	0.004
PC O	0.61 ± 0.13	0.65 ± 0.10	0.63 ± 0.15	0.759
LPC	0.12 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.02	0.13 ± 0.02	0.807
LPE	0.10 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.02	0.342
PG	0.08 ± 0.02^b	0.11 ± 0.02^a	0.11 ± 0.03^a	0.013
Cer	0.22 ± 0.05	0.22 ± 0.06	0.21 ± 0.05	0.915
HexCer	0.08 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.02	0.127
PC:PE-ratio	1.94 ± 0.04^b	1.91 ± 0.09^b	2.05 ± 0.10^a	0.006
Plasma, μmol/L
PC	479 ± 51	522 ± 65	534 ± 38	0.083
SM	71.8 ± 8.8	77.5 ± 8.7	71.5 ± 7.0	0.236
PI	62.6 ± 7.1	66.0 ± 6.2	67.3 ± 6.7	0.314
LPC	46.0 ± 5.6	46.5 ± 4.2	46.7 ± 4.5	0.942
PC O	25.4 ± 4.2^b	29.2 ± 4.8^b	35.8 ± 3.8^a	0.001
PE P	16.7 ± 3.3^c	21.3 ± 3.7^b	27.4 ± 3.4^a	0.001
PE	9.72 ± 1.44	9.73 ± 1.68	10.05 ± 1.63	0.872
Cer	2.87 ± 0.43	2.64 ± 0.30	2.72 ± 0.34	0.403
HexCer	1.73 ± 0.30	1.39 ± 0.57	1.52 ± 0.38	0.223
PC:PE-ratio	48.7 ± 5.8	54.5 ± 7.3	52.2 ± 6.6	0.054

Values are means ± SDs for n = 10 pigs per group. Means without a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Abbreviations: Cer ceramide, CON control group, HexCer hexosylceramide, IM5 insect meal 5% group, IM10 insect meal 10% group, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, LPE lysophosphatidylethanolamine, PC phosphatidylcholine, PC O PC-ether, PE phosphatidylethanolamine, PE P PE-based plasmalogens, PG phosphatidylglycerol, PI phosphatidylinositol, PS phosphatidylserine, SM sphingomyelin

ISSN: 2049-1891