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Fig. 5 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Fig. 5

From: Lactobacillus reuteri-derived extracellular vesicles maintain intestinal immune homeostasis against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in broilers

Fig. 5

LrEVs suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses in chicken HD11 macrophages (Mφ). a Confocal microscopy showed that LrEVs were internalized by HD11 cells. The HD11 cells were co-incubated with medium (row 1) and DiI-labeled LrEVs (row 2) for 6 h at 37 °C. LrEVs were labeled with DiI (red signal), and the cell nucleus was stained with DAPI (blue signal). b NF-κB p65 transcription factor activity in the cell nucleus from HD11 cells treated with the indicated conditions. HD11 cells (5 × 105 cells/mL) were pretreated with PBS or LrEVs (10 μg/mL) for 12 h and stimulated with PBS or LPS (1 μg/mL) for 12 h. c The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes IL-10 and TGF-β in HD11 cells treated with the indicated conditions. d Viability of HD11 cells determined by Trypan Blue dye exclusion assay. Data are representative of three independent experiments and expressed as means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; NS, not significant

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