Palm oil protects α-linolenic acid from rumen biohydrogenation and muscle oxidation in cashmere goat kids

Wang, Xue; Martin, Graeme B.; Wen, Qi; Liu, Shulin; Li, Yinhao; Shi, Binlin; Guo, Xiaoyu; Zhao, Yanli; Guo, Yangdong; Yan, Sumei

doi:10.1186/s40104-020-00502-w

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Table 1 Composition and analysis of experimental diets fed to cashmere goat kids

From: Palm oil protects α-linolenic acid from rumen biohydrogenation and muscle oxidation in cashmere goat kids

Item	Day 1–30			Day 31–60			Day 61–90
Item	PMO	LSO	MIX	PMO	LSO	MIX	PMO	LSO	MIX
Ingredient (% air dry basis)
Alfalfa hay particles	25.00	25.00	25.00	15.00	15.00	15.00	12.50	12.50	12.50
Maize straw particles	5.00	5.00	5.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	25.00	25.00	25.00
Tall oat grass particles	20.00	20.00	20.00	15.00	15.00	15.00	12.50	12.50	12.50
Corn	23.37	23.37	23.37	30.40	30.40	30.40	29.90	29.90	29.90
Soybean meal	10.50	10.50	10.50	11.40	11.40	11.40	10.40	10.40	10.40
Distillers dried grains with solubles	7.24	7.24	7.24	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Flax cake	4.80	4.80	4.80	3.50	3.50	3.50	4.50	4.50	4.50
Linseed oil	0.00	2.00	1.33	0.00	2.00	1.33	0.00	2.50	1.67
Palm oil	2.00	0.00	0.67	2.00	0.00	0.67	2.50	0.00	0.83
Premix^a	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Calcium carbonate	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
CaHPO₄	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Sodium chloride	0.54	0.54	0.54	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Sodium bicarbonate	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80
Magnesium oxide	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Chemical composition
Digestible energy^b, MJ/kg DM	12.9	13.1	13.0	12.8	13.0	12.9	12.8	13.1	13.0
CP, g/kg DM	188.2	188.1	188.1	158.8	158.7	158.8	151.5	151.4	151.4
Ether extract, g/kg DM	54.1	51.8	52.6	46.0	43.7	44.4	49.1	46.3	47.2
NDF, g/kg DM	430.3	431.2	431.1	427.6	427.4	427.5	436.3	436.1	436.1
ADF, g/kg DM	230.7	231.7	231.0	235.2	235.3	235.2	240.5	240.3	240.2
Calcium, g/kg DM	11.1	11.1	11.0	10.8	10.9	10.8	10.7	10.7	10.7
Phosphorus, g/kg DM	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.3
Fatty acids (% of total)^c
C16:0	26.69	10.98	16.25	25.88	9.28	14.77	26.88	8.50	14.61
C16:1	0.50	0.49	0.49	0.51	0.50	0.50	0.49	0.48	0.48
C18:0	2.64	3.18	3.00	2.52	3.10	2.91	2.47	3.10	2.89
trans-9 C18:1	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.38	0.39	0.39	0.37	0.38	0.37
cis-9 C18:1	29.29	15.19	19.92	29.22	14.33	19.25	31.04	14.55	20.04
C18:2n-6t	0.46	0.26	0.33	0.44	0.23	0.30	0.42	0.19	0.27
C18:2n-6c	19.22	20.65	20.17	22.53	24.04	23.54	21.06	22.74	22.18
C18:3n-3	8.58	35.59	26.53	6.40	34.91	25.50	5.73	37.30	26.81
C20:5n-3	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.31	0.31	0.31
C22:6n-3	0.66	0.36	0.46	0.73	0.42	0.52	0.73	0.38	0.50
Saturated fatty acids	35.99	20.30	25.57	35.09	18.52	24.00	35.73	17.38	23.48
Monounaturated fatty acids	32.10	19.27	23.57	32.06	18.51	22.99	33.77	18.77	23.75
Polyunsaturated fatty acids	32.08	60.43	50.92	33.03	62.97	53.08	30.71	63.86	52.84

^a Provided per kg of premix: iron (Fe) 4 g, copper (Cu) 0.8 g, zinc (Zn) 5 g, manganese (Mn) 3 g, iodine (I) 30 mg, selenium (Se) 30 mg, cobalt (Co) 25 mg, vitamin A (VA) 600,000 IU, vitamin D (VD₃) 250,000 IU, vitamin E (VE) 1,250 IU, vitamin K (VK₃) 180 mg, vitamin B₁ (VB₁) 35 mg, vitamin B₂ (VB₂) 850 mg, vitamin B₆ (VB₆) 90 mg, nicotinic acid 2,200 mg, D-pantothenic acid 1,700 mg, vitamin B₁₂ (VB₁₂) 3 mg, biotin 14 mg, folic acid 150 mg
^b Digestible energy is calculated based on the ingredients of the diet and their digestible energy content, not based on the actual dry matter intake
^c Total fatty acids = saturated fatty acids (6:0 + 8:0 + 10:0 + 11:0 + 12:0 + 13:0 + 14:0 + 15:0 + 16:0 + 17:0 + 18:0 + 20:0 + 21:0 + 22:0 + 23:0 + 24:0) + monounsaturated fatty acids (14:1 + 15:1 + 16:1 + 17:1 + trans-9 18:1 + cis-9 18:1 + 20:1 + 22:1 + 24:1) + polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2n-6t + 18:2n-6c + 18:3n-6 + 20:2n-6 + 20:3n-6 + 20:4n-6 + 22:2n-6 + 18:3n-3 + 20:3n-3 + 20:5n-3 + 22:6n-3)
PMO palm oil diet, LSO linseed oil diet, MIX mixed oil diet

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ISSN: 2049-1891

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