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Table 6 Summary of studies in periparturient dairy cows investigating the effects of supplemental live yeast or yeast-based products on rumen epithelium, liver, colon, and plasma biomarkers

From: Role of nutraceuticals during the transition period of dairy cows: a review

Nutraceutical

Treatment

Period

Tissue/Cells

Main outcome

Reference

Live yeast

1 × 1010/d/head

From − 21 to 21 d relative to calving

Rumen

Dry cows responded rapidly to live yeast with Greater abundance of TLR4 and IL10 prepartum

[124]

  

Colon

Greater abundance of DEFB1

Live yeast

2.5 g/d/head precalving and 10 g/d/head postcalving

From −14 to 70 d relative to calving

Liver

Greater glycogen

[109]

  

Plasma

Greater phosphorous concentration

Saccharomices cereviseae fermentation product

19 g/d/head

From 28 to 42 d relative to calving

Rumen

Greater abundance of IGFBP6

In cows fed a high-starch diet increased abundance of BDH2

[122]

19 g/d/head

From − 28 to 42 d relative to calving

Plasma

Lower haptoglobin at 7 d postpartum

[115]

19 g/d/head

From −29 to 42 d relative to calving

Liver

Tendency to increase PCK1 mRNA abundance

[114]

  

Liver

Decreased cholesterol

  

Plasma

Increased cholesterol

56 or 112 g/d/head

From −4 weeks to 4 weeks relative to calving

Plasma

Higher glucose between partum and + 3 d

Higher urea at partum and + 1 d.

With the dosage of 112 g/d/head, higher BHB at 3 d postpartum

Lower cortisol

[116]

  1. TLR4 toll-like receptor 4, IL10 interleukin 10, DEFB1 β-defensin, IGFBP6 insulin like growth factor binding protein 6, BDH2 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2, PCK1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, BHB beta-hydroxybutyrate