Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity

Table 1 Ingredient compositions of experimental diets^a

Ingredient, %	Control, phase I	Control, phase II
Corn	42.40	48.40
Dried whey	15.00	10.00
Soybean meal	20.00	24.00
Fish meal	4.00	3.00
Barley	10.00	10.00
Soy protein concentrate	3.00	–
Soybean oil	2.10	1.30
Limestone	1.10	1.10
Monocalcium phosphate	0.50	0.45
L-Lysine·HCl	0.49	0.46
DL-Methionine	0.26	0.21
L-Threonine	0.22	0.20
L-Valine	0.09	0.08
Salt	0.14	0.10
Vit-mineral^b	0.40	0.40
Total	100.00	100.00
Calculated energy and nutrient
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg	3364	3310
Net energy, kcal/kg	2526	2480
Crude protein, %	20.54	19.77
Arg,^c%	1.14	1.11
His,^c%	0.47	0.46
Ile,^c%	0.76	0.72
Leu,^c%	1.50	1.44
Lys,^c%	1.42	1.32
Met,^c%	0.56	0.50
Thr,^c%	0.89	0.83
Trp,^c%	0.31	0.29
Val,^c%	0.97	0.89
Met + Cys,^c%	0.85	0.79
Phe + Tye,^c%	1.36	1.32
Ca, %	0.83	0.75
Total P, %	0.66	0.60
Digestible P, %	0.43	0.36

^aIn each phase, two additional diets were formulated by adding Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 or Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539 to the control diet, respectively. The dose for both probiotics was 500 mg/kg, which was equal to 1 × 10⁹ CFU/kg diet
^bProvided the following quantities of vitamins and micro minerals per kilogram of complete diet: vitamin A as retinyl acetate, 11,136 IU; vitamin D₃ as cholecalciferol, 2,208 IU; vitamin E as DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate, 66 IU; vitamin K as menadione dimethylprimidinol bisulfite, 1.42 mg; thiamin as thiamine mononitrate, 0.24 mg; riboflavin, 6.59 mg; pyridoxine as pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.24 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 0.03 mg; D-pantothenic acid as D-calcium pantothenate, 23.5 mg; niacin, 44.1 mg; folic acid, 1.59 mg; biotin, 0.44 mg; Cu, 20 mg as copper sulfate and copper chloride; Fe, 126 mg as ferrous sulfate; I, 1.26 mg as ethylenediamine dihydriodide; Mn, 60.2 mg as manganese sulfate; Se, 0.3 mg as sodium selenite and selenium yeast; and Zn, 125.1 mg as zinc sulfate
^cAmino acids were indicated as standardized ileal digestible AA

ISSN: 2049-1891