Fig. 2

Nuclear factor κB activation of murine macrophages treated with components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Activity of NFκB was assessed with a reporter plasmid driving expression of alkaline phosphatase (AP). Untreated RAW cells represent the negative control, and RAW cells stimulated with 0.1 μg/mL LPS served as the positive control. Increasing doses (0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/mL) are signified by increasing color intensity within treatment compound. Solid bars indicate control or cells treated with yeast components, whereas patterned bars indicate cells stimulated with LPS or both LPS and yeast components. Values were back transformed and reported as LSM ± SE. * indicates means (yeast components alone) differ significantly from CON, # indicates means (yeast components following LPS) differ significantly from LPS (P < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD). Different letters indicate means differ (P < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD). Overall, yeast treatment interacted with LPS stimulation (P < 0.01) on NFκB activation