Intrauterine growth restriction alters growth performance, plasma hormones, and small intestinal microbial communities in growing-finishing pigs

Table 3 Effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on plasma hormones of growing-finishing pigs

Items	25 kg BW group		50 kg BW group		100 kg BW group
Items	NBW	IUGR	NBW	IUGR	NBW	IUGR
Gastrin, ng/mL	0.48 ± 0.03	0.50 ± 0.02	2.87 ± 0.53	1.68 ± 0.18*	1.32 ± 0.15	1.49 ± 0.09
GH, ng/mL	17.50 ± 0.58	18.27 ± 0.63	47.38 ± 12.07	32.24 ± 4.43	29.13 ± 2.68	30.05 ± 2.05
Ghrelin, ng/mL	4.81 ± 0.23	5.81 ± 0.26*	21.34 ± 4.30	11.19 ± 1.30*	9.40 ± 1.24	10.62 ± 0.67
Glucagon, ng/mL	0.32 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.05	0.52 ± 0.13	0.59 ± 0.08	0.40 ± 0.04	0.43 ± 0.02
IGF-1, ng/mL	125.65 ± 5.09	140.27 ± 6.12	255.18 ± 21.76	399.38 ± 60.88*	284.78 ± 30.20	269.82 ± 12.57
Insulin, mIU/L	33.27 ± 0.93	29.72 ± 1.14*	37.65 ± 2.02	46.61 ± 3.42*	38.02 ± 4.64	37.52 ± 4.15
Leptin, ng/mL	10.69 ± 0.28	12.08 ± 0.74	17.88 ± 0.98	29.38 ± 4.94*	24.93 ± 3.04	22.99 ± 1.82
PP, ng/mL	2.09 ± 0.07	2.65 ± 0.10**	12.01 ± 1.50	6.81 ± 0.98**	6.82 ± 0.94	7.69 ± 0.70
PYY, pmol/mL	9.98 ± 0.39	14.91 ± 0.61**	28.54 ± 6.65	24.26 ± 4.98	19.83 ± 2.08	18.95 ± 1.09
SS, pg/mL	89.11 ± 3.17	98.44 ± 1.24*	193.49 ± 59.58	180.15 ± 36.94	145.80 ± 15.03	133.19 ± 10.92

Data are presented as means ± SEM. The data presented are obtained from 10 animals in each group (n = 10). In the same row, values with * were significantly different from NBW pigs at P < 0.05 and values with ** were significantly different at P < 0.01. GH Growth hormone; IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factors-1, NBW Normal born weight, PP Pancreatic polypeptide, PYY Peptide YY, SS Somatostatin

ISSN: 2049-1891